Open Access

Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Muhammad Haris Sultan
    • Qi Zhan
    • Yigang Wang
    • Yulong Xia
    • Xiaoyuan Jia
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 6, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5545
  • Article Number: 104
  • Copyright: © Sultan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading health issue and treatments to eradicate it, such as conventional chemotherapy, are non‑selective and come with a number of complications. The present review focuses on the relatively new area of precision oncolytic viral therapy (OVT), with genetic targeting and immune modifications that offer a new future for CRC treatment. In the present review, an overview of the selection factors that are considered optimal for an oncolytic virus, mechanisms of oncolysis and immunomodulation applied to the OVT, as well as new strategies to improve the efficacy of this method are described. Additionally, cause‑and‑effect relationships are examined for OVT efficacy, mediated by the tumor microenvironment, and directions for genetic manipulation of viral specificity are explored. The possibility of synergy between OVT and immune checkpoint inhibitors and other treatment approaches are demonstrated. Incorporating the details of the present review, biomarker‑guided combination therapies in precision OVT for individualized CRC care, significant issues and future trends in this required area of medicine are highlighted. Increasingly, OVT is leaving the experimental stage and may become routine practice; it provides a new perspective on overcoming CRC and highlights the importance of further research and clinical work.
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July-2025
Volume 56 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Sultan M, Zhan Q, Wang Y, Xia Y and Jia X: Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 56: 104, 2025.
APA
Sultan, M., Zhan, Q., Wang, Y., Xia, Y., & Jia, X. (2025). Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 56, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5545
MLA
Sultan, M., Zhan, Q., Wang, Y., Xia, Y., Jia, X."Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56.1 (2025): 104.
Chicago
Sultan, M., Zhan, Q., Wang, Y., Xia, Y., Jia, X."Precision oncolytic viral therapy in colorectal cancer: Genetic targeting and immune modulation for personalized treatment (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56, no. 1 (2025): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5545