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Review Open Access

New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Daihan Xie
    • Lixin Xie
    • Chao Fang
    • Zhefei Du
    • Zhenyu Cao
    • Chunxia Su
    • Yu Huo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Comprehensive Oncology Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Department of Comprehensive Oncology Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Xie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 176
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    Published online on: August 28, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5617
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Abstract

Despite the significant progress that has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases, these conditions continue to pose a serious public health concern worldwide. There is an ongoing need for strategies that are precise, efficient and minimally invasive. Nanozymes, engineered nanomaterials that exhibit catalytic functions, have attracted considerable interest in this context. However, clinical application of nanozymes remains limited primarily due to their diversity, targetability, biocompatibility and early‑stage clinical translation. The present review presented a comprehensive analysis of nanozymes in digestive system diseases. The main enzyme‑like activities of nanozymes are summarized to guide further material selection and characteristic exploration. Preclinical applications are highlighted with mechanisms and theranostic effects discussed alongside their potential limitations. Emerging combination therapies, including photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and biotherapy, are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges of nanozymes and possible future developments are discussed.
View Figures

Figure 1

Main pathogenesis in digestive system
diseases.

Figure 2

Representative application of
nanozymes in digestive system diseases.

Figure 3

Oxidoreductase-like activity of
nanozymes. SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Figure 4

Figure 5

Illustration of the synthesis process
for TADI-COF-Fc and the application of COF-based multi-nanozymes as
radiosensitizers. Reprinted with permission from ACS Nano,
copyright 2023. GPx, glutathione peroxidase; TADI-COF-Fc, iodine-
and ferrocene-loaded covalent organic framework nanozyme; COF,
covalent organic framework.

Figure 6

In vitro evaluation of ROS
scavenging capacity of PBzyme. Adapted with permission from
Theranostics, copyright 2021. ROS, reactive oxygen species; PBzyme,
Prussian blue nanoclearance agents; GPx, glutathione peroxidase;
CAT, catalase; PTGS, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase; NOS2,
nitric oxide synthase 2.

Figure 7

Schematic illustration depicting the
detection mechanism of biotin-PtNC. Reprinted with permission from
ACS Nano, copyright 2022. PtNC, platinum nanoclusters; ROS,
reactive oxygen species.

Figure 8

Conceptual depiction of a colon
cancer therapy strategy utilizing CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NP activated by
660 nm laser light. Adapted with permission from Advanced Science,
copyright 2020. CPT-TK-HPPH, camptothecin-thioketal
bond-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide; Pt NP,
platinum nanozyme; CPT, camptothecin; ROS, reactive oxygen species;
DSPE, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; PEG,
polyethylene glycol; PDT, photodynamic therapy.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xie D, Xie L, Fang C, Du Z, Cao Z, Su C and Huo Y: New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 56: 176, 2025.
APA
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., & Huo, Y. (2025). New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 56, 176. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5617
MLA
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., Huo, Y."New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56.5 (2025): 176.
Chicago
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., Huo, Y."New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56, no. 5 (2025): 176. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5617
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xie D, Xie L, Fang C, Du Z, Cao Z, Su C and Huo Y: New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 56: 176, 2025.
APA
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., & Huo, Y. (2025). New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 56, 176. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5617
MLA
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., Huo, Y."New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56.5 (2025): 176.
Chicago
Xie, D., Xie, L., Fang, C., Du, Z., Cao, Z., Su, C., Huo, Y."New advances of nanozymes for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 56, no. 5 (2025): 176. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5617
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