Animal models accurately representing acute liver failure (Review)

Luo,Sang; Wu,Fang; Jin,Yiran; Huang,Xiaofen; Liu,Dan; Tian,Bingren

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2026.5820

June-2026 Volume 57 Issue 6

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June-2026 Volume 57 Issue 6

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Review Open Access

Animal models accurately representing acute liver failure (Review)

Authors:
- Sang Luo
- Fang Wu
- Yiran Jin
- Xiaofen Huang
- Dan Liu
- Bingren Tian
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Beijing National Biochip Research Center Sub‑Center in Ningxia, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Ningxia Regional Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Regional High Incidence Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China

Copyright: © Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Article Number: 149
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Published online on: April 1, 2026

https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5820
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Abstract

Animal models are essential for investigating disease pathogenesis and progression. Acute liver injury (ALI) precedes acute liver failure (ALF), establishing a crucial and close relationship between these conditions. Appropriate animal models are required in order to develop successful treatments for ALF. However, the inability to construct appropriate animal models that accurately represent the pathophysiological features of ALF has impeded research progress. The present review examined the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALF, evaluated the strengths and limitations of commonly used model organisms, and highlighted the advantages of mouse models in simulating the onset and progression of ALF. Furthermore, the review systematically summarized the varying drug and chemical dosages used in the development of drug‑induced and chemical‑induced ALF models in mice. In addition, whether ALI/ALF models constructed with different drug dosages accurately reflect disease progression has been a topic of critical discussion. Therefore, the present review proposed specific drug and chemical dosages for ALF model development and described future directions for developing optimal ALF animal models.

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Animal models accurately representing acute liver failure (Review)

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Abstract

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