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International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
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October-2026 Volume 58 Issue 4

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

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Review Open Access

XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ziwei Chen
    • Jiaqi Wu
    • Wenxi Liu
    • Jie Tan
    • Xiaochun Peng
    • Yanhua Zhang
    • Gai Liang

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 280
    |
    Published online on: August 5, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5951
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Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem with harsh conditions, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress, that promote tumor progression and shape immune responses. In this environment, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are activated, with the transcription factor X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP1) serving a key role. XBP1 not only maintains cell protein homeostasis, but also modulates the generation, metabolic adaptation and immunosuppressive function of myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The TME and tumor‑derived factors, such as exosomes, remotely activate XBP1 in MDSCs, enhancing their survival and immunosuppressive capability by reprogramming lipid and glucose metabolism and upregulating the expression of arginase‑1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, reactive oxygen species and immunosuppressive cytokines. The present review aimed to describe the TME stress‑XBP1‑MDSC‑immunosuppression axis, its molecular mechanisms and the role of XBP1 in MDSC heterogeneity and plasticity. Targeting XBP1 may enhance the efficacy of existing therapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, by alleviating MDSC‑mediated immunosuppression, offering a novel paradigm for understanding and reversing tumor immune escape.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Z, Wu J, Liu W, Tan J, Peng X, Zhang Y and Liang G: XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review). Int J Mol Med 58: 280, 2026.
APA
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., & Liang, G. (2026). XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 58, 280. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5951
MLA
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, G."XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 58.4 (2026): 280.
Chicago
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, G."XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 58, no. 4 (2026): 280. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5951
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen Z, Wu J, Liu W, Tan J, Peng X, Zhang Y and Liang G: XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review). Int J Mol Med 58: 280, 2026.
APA
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., & Liang, G. (2026). XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 58, 280. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5951
MLA
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, G."XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 58.4 (2026): 280.
Chicago
Chen, Z., Wu, J., Liu, W., Tan, J., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, G."XBP1 signaling from tumor metabolic stress to myeloid driven immunotherapy resistance (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 58, no. 4 (2026): 280. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2026.5951
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