Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
May 2013 Volume 42 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May 2013 Volume 42 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status

  • Authors:
    • Amélie Petitprez
    • Virginie Poindessous
    • Djamila Ouaret
    • Marie Regairaz
    • Gérard Bastian
    • Eric Guérin
    • Alexandre E. Escargueil
    • Annette K. Larsen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Cachan, Cachan, France, Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France, University of Strasbourg, EA 4438, Strasbourg, France
  • Pages: 1644-1653
    |
    Published online on: March 27, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1868
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Irinotecan is a major anticancer agent specifically targeting DNA topoisomerase I. Its cytotoxicity is mediated via a two-step process involving accumulation of reversible DNA‑topoisomerase I complexes associated with transient DNA single-strand breaks which subsequently are converted into permanent DNA double-strand breaks by the replication fork during S phase. Irinotecan may be selectively active for treatment of colorectal cancers that show microsatellite instability (MSI) due to deficiencies in mismatch repair enzymes, compared to tumors that are microsatellite stable but show chromosome instability (CIN). Although the clinical activity of irinotecan is principally limited by acquired drug resistance, surprisingly little is known about the influence of prolonged irinotecan exposure on the cell cycle dynamics. We have developed two colon cancer cell lines resistant to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, one derived from HT-29 (CIN), the other from HCT-116 (MSI). We here show that besides classical resistance mechanisms, SN-38 resistance is accompanied by an increased generation doubling time, a decreased S phase fraction and an increased G2 fraction in vitro as in tumor xenografts for both CIN and MSI models. As a consequence, SN-38-resistant cells and tumors show cross-resistance to the S-phase selective agent 5-fluorouracil. The resistance is accompanied by increased basal levels of γ-H2AX and phospho-Chk2 without notable changes in the levels of phospho-Chk1. Taken together, our results show that prolonged irinotecan exposure is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics which could have profound impact on tumor sensitivity to a wide range of antitumor agents and may influence tumor progression in patients.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1. 

Hsiang YH, Lihou MG and Liu LF: Arrest of replication forks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable complexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecin. Cancer Res. 18:5077–5082. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

2. 

Larsen AK, Gilbert C, Chyzak G, Plisov SY, Naguibneva I, Lavergne O, Lesueur-Ginot L and Bigg DC: Unusual potency of BN 80915, a novel fluorinated E-ring modified camptothecin, toward human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 7:2961–2967. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Wu J, Yin MB, Hapke G, Tóth K and Rustum YM: Induction of biphasic DNA double-strand breaks and activation of multiple repair protein complexes by DNA topoisomerase I drug 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin. Mol Pharmacol. 4:742–748. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Regairaz M, Zhang YW, Fu H, Agama KK, Tata N, Agrawal S, Aladjem MI and Pommier Y: Mus81-mediated DNA cleavage resolves replication forks stalled by topoisomerase I-DNA complexes. J Cell Biol. 195:739–749. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Horwitz SB and Horwitz MS: Effects of camptothecin on the breakage and repair of DNA during the cell cycle. Cancer Res. 33:2834–2836. 1973.PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Cheng MF, Chatterjee S and Berger NA: Schedule-dependent cytotoxicity of topotecan alone and in combination chemotherapy regimens. Oncol Res. 6:269–279. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Huang X, Traganos F and Darzynkiewicz Z: DNA damage induced by DNA topoisomerase I- and topoisomerase II-inhibitors detected by histone H2AX phosphorylation in relation to the cell cycle phase and apoptosis. Cell Cycle. 6:614–619. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, Rosen LS, Fehrenbacher L, Moore MJ, Maroun JA, Ackland SP, Locker PK, Pirotta N, Elfring GL and Miller LL: Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group N Engl J Med. 13:905–914. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, Navarro M, James RD, Karasek P, Jandik P, Iveson T, Carmichael J, Alakl M, Gruia G, Awad L and Rougier P: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 9209:1041–1047. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

10. 

Lengauer C, Kinzler KW and Vogelstein B: Genetic instabilities in human cancers. Nature. 6712:643–649. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Cancer Genome Atlas Network: Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature. 487:330–337. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Jiricny J: The multifaceted mismatch-repair system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 5:335–346. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Jacob S, Aguado M, Fallik D and Praz F: The role of the DNA mismatch repair system in the cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide to human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res. 17:6555–6562. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Fallik D, Borrini F, Boige V, Viguier J, Jacob S, Miquel C, Sabourin JC, Ducreux M and Praz F: Microsatellite instability is a predictive factor of the tumor response to irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 18:5738–5744. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

15. 

Kanzawa F, Sugimoto Y, Minato K, Kasahara K, Bungo M, Nakagawa K, Fujiwara Y, Liu LF and Saijo N: Establishment of a camptothecin analogue (CPT-11)-resistant cell line of human non-small cell lung cancer: characterization and mechanism of resistance. Cancer Res. 18:5919–5924. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Maliepaard M, van Gastelen MA, de Jong LA, Pluim D, van Waardenburg RC, Ruevekamp-Helmers MC, Floot BG and Schellens JH: Overexpression of the BCRP/MXR/ABCP gene in a topotecan-selected ovarian tumor cell line. Cancer Res. 18:4559–4563. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

17. 

Kawabata S, Oka M, Shiozawa K, Tsukamoto K, Nakatomi K, Soda H, Fukuda M, Ikegami Y, Sugahara K, Yamada Y, Kamihira S, Doyle LA, Ross DD and Kohno S: Breast cancer resistance protein directly confers SN-38 resistance of lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 5:1216–1223. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Rasheed ZA and Rubin EH: Mechanisms of resistance to topoisomerase I-targeting drugs. Oncogene. 22:7296–7304. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Boyer J, McLean EG, Aroori S, Wilson P, McCulla A, Carey PD, Longley DB and Johnston PG: Characterization of p53 wild-type and null isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res. 6:2158–2167. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Arakawa Y, Suzuki H, Saito S and Yamada H: Novel missense mutation of the DNA topoisomerase I gene in SN-38-resistant DLD-1 cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 5:502–508. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Takara K, Kitada N, Yoshikawa E, Yamamoto K, Horibe S, Sakaeda T, Nishiguchi K, Ohnishi N and Yokoyama T: Molecular changes to HeLa cells on continuous exposure to SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan hydrochloride. Cancer Lett. 1:88–96. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Tagen M, Zhuang Y, Zhang F, Harstead KE, Shen J, Schaiquevich P, Fraga CH, Panetta JC, Waters CM and Stewart CF: P-glycoprotein, but not multidrug resistance protein 4, plays a role in the systemic clearance of irinotecan and SN-38 in mice. Drug Metab Lett. 4:195–201. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Pastorino F, Loi M, Sapra P, Becherini P, Cilli M, Emionite L, Ribatti D, Greenberger LM, Horak ID and Ponzoni M: Tumor regression and curability of preclinical neuroblastoma models by PEGylated SN38 (EZN-2208), a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res. 19:4809–4821. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Waterhouse DN, Yapp D, Verreault M, Anantha M, Sutherland B and Bally MB: Lipid-based nanoformulation of irinotecan: dual mechanism of action allows for combination chemo/angiogenic therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond). 9:1645–1654. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Petitprez A and Larsen AK: Irinotecan resistance is accompanied by upregulation of EGFR and Src signaling in human cancer models. Curr Pharm Des. Sep 7–2012.(Epub ahead of print).

26. 

Poindessous V, Koeppel F, Raymond E, Comisso M, Waters S and Larsen AK: Marked activity of irofulven (MGI-114) toward human carcinoma cells: comparison with cisplatin and ecteinascidin (ET-743). Clin Cancer Res. 9:2817–2825. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Lemke K, Poindessous V, Skladanowski A and Larsen AK: The antitumor triazoloacridone C-1305 is a topoisomerase II poison with unusual properties. Mol Pharmacol. 4:1035–1042. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Poindessous V, Koeppel F, Raymond E, Cvitkovic E, Waters SJ and Larsen AK: Enhanced antitumor activity of irofulven in combination with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in human colon and ovarian carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol. 23:1347–1355. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Larsen AK, Paoletti J, Belehradek J Jr and Paoletti C: Uptake, cytofluorescence, and cytotoxicity of oxazolopyridocarbazoles (amino acid-ellipticine conjugates) in murine sarcoma cells. Cancer Res. 46:5236–5240. 1986.PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Léonce S, Kraus-Berthier L, Golsteyn RM, David-Cordonnier MH, Tardy C, Lansiaux A, Poindessous V, Larsen AK and Pierré A: Generation of replication-dependent double-strand breaks by the novel N2-G-alkylator S23906-1. Cancer Res. 14:7203–7210. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Rocca CJ, Poindessous V, Soares DG, Ouadrani KE, Sarasin A, Guérin E, de Gramont A, Henriques JA, Escargueil AE and Larsen AK: The NER proteins XPC and CSB, but not ERCC1, regulate the sensitivity to the novel DNA binder S23906: implications for recognition and repair of antitumor alkylators. Biochem Pharmacol. 3:335–343. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Pencreach E, Guérin E, Nicolet C, Lelong-Rebel I, Voegeli AC, Oudet P, Larsen AK, Gaub MP and Guenot D: Marked activity of irinotecan and rapamycin combination toward colon cancer cells in vivo and in vitro is mediated through cooperative modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxiainducible factor-1alpha axis. Clin Cancer Res. 15:1297–1307. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

33. 

Guérin E, Raffelsberger W, Pencreach E, Maier A, Neuville A, Schneider A, Bachellier P, Rohr S, Petitprez A, Poch O, Moras D, Oudet P, Larsen AK, Gaub MP and Guenot D: In vivo topoisomerase I inhibition attenuates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α target genes and decreases tumor angiogenesis. Mol Med. 18:83–94. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Gil-Delgado MA, Bastian G, Guinet F, Spano JP, Taillibert S, Rocher MA, Castaing D, Adam R, Urien S, Bismuth H and Khayat D: Oxaliplatin plus irinotecan and FU-FOL combination and pharmacokinetic analysis in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol. 27:294–298. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35. 

Escargueil AE, Poindessous V, Soares DG, Sarasin A, Cook PR and Larsen AK: Influence of irofulven, a transcription-coupled repair-specific antitumor agent, on RNA polymerase activity, stability and dynamics in living mammalian cells. J Cell Sci. 121:1275–1283. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

36. 

Soares DG, Battistella A, Rocca CJ, Matuo R, Henriques JA, Larsen AK and Escargueil AE: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated-and Rad3-related kinase drives both the early and the late DNA-damage response to the monofunctional antitumour alkylator S23906. Biochem J. 1:63–73. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

37. 

Skladanowski A, Côme MG, Sabisz M, Escargueil AE and Larsen AK: Down-regulation of DNA topoisomerase II alpha leads to prolonged cell cycle transit in G2 and early M phases and increased survival to microtubule-interacting agents. Mol Pharmacol. 68:625–634. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

38. 

Skladanowski A, Bozko P, Sabisz M and Larsen AK: Dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling and the DNA damage checkpoint in p53-deficient cells with strong survival signaling: implications for cancer therapy. Cell Cycle. 18:2268–2275. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39. 

Soares DG, Escargueil AE, Poindessous V, Sarasin A, de Gramont A, Bonatto D, Henriques JA and Larsen AK: Replication and homologous recombination repair regulate DNA double-strand break formation by the antitumor alkylator ecteinascidin 743. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 32:13062–13067. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40. 

Soares DG, Machado MS, Rocca CJ, Poindessous V, Ouaret D, Sarasin A, Galmarini CM, Henriques JA, Escargueil AE and Larsen AK: Trabectedin and its C subunit modified analogue PM01183 attenuate nucleotide excision repair and show activity toward platinum-resistant cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 8:1481–1489. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

41. 

Poindessous V, Ouaret D, El Ouadrani K, Battistella A, Mégalophonos VF, Kamsu-Kom N, Petitprez A, Escargueil AE, Boudou P, Dumont S, Cervera P, Fléjou JF, André T, Tournigand C, Chibaudel B, de Gramont A and Larsen AK: EGFR- and VEGF(R)-targeted small molecules show synergistic activity in colorectal cancer models refractory to combinations of monoclonal antibodies. Clin Cancer Res. 20:6522–6530. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42. 

Godard T, Deslandes E, Sichel F, Poul JM and Gauduchon P: Detection of topoisomerase inhibitor-induced DNA strand breaks and apoptosis by the alkaline comet assay. Mutat Resgg. 1–2:47–56. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

43. 

Hans F and Dimitrov S: Histone H3 phosphorylation and cell division. Oncogene. 20:3021–3027. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44. 

Pines J and Hunter T: Cyclin-dependent kinases: a new cell cycle motif? Trends Cell Biol. 5:117–121. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45. 

Ookata K, Hisanaga S, Okano T, Tachibana K and Kishimoto T: Relocation and distinct subcellular localization of p34cdc2-cyclin B complex at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes. EMBO J. 5:1763–1772. 1992.PubMed/NCBI

46. 

Escargueil AE, Plisov SY, Skladanowski A, Borgne A, Meijer L, Gorbsky GJ and Larsen AK: Recruitment of cdc2 kinase by DNA topoisomerase II is coupled to chromatin remodeling. FASEB J. 12:2288–2290. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

47. 

Bartkova J, Horejsí Z, Koed K, Krämer A, Tort F, Zieger K, Guldberg P, Sehested M, Nesland JM, Lukas C, Ørntoft T, Lukas J and Bartek J: DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis. Nature. 7035:864–870. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48. 

Gorgoulis VG, Vassiliou LV, Karakaidos P, Zacharatos P, Kotsinas A, Liloglou T, Venere M, Ditullio RA Jr, Kastrinakis NG, Levy B, Kletsas D, Yoneta A, Herlyn M, Kittas C and Halazonetis TD: Activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and genomic instability in human precancerous lesions. Nature. 434:907–913. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49. 

Jazayeri A, Falck J, Lukas C, Bartek J, Smith GC, Lukas J and Jackson SP: ATM- and cell cycle-dependent regulation of ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Cell Biol. 8:37–45. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50. 

Reinhardt HC and Yaffe MB: Kinases that control the cell cycle in response to DNA damage: Chk1, Chk2 and MK2. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 21:245–255. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51. 

Soza S, Leva V, Vago R, Ferrari G, Mazzini G, Biamonti G and Montecucco A: DNA ligase I deficiency leads to replication-dependent DNA damage and impacts cell morphology without blocking cell cycle progression. Mol Cell Biol. 29:2032–2041. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52. 

Li J and Stern DF: Regulation of CHK2 by DNA-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem. 280:12041–12050. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Petitprez A, Poindessous V, Ouaret D, Regairaz M, Bastian G, Guérin E, Escargueil AE and Larsen AK: Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status. Int J Oncol 42: 1644-1653, 2013.
APA
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E. ... Larsen, A.K. (2013). Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status. International Journal of Oncology, 42, 1644-1653. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1868
MLA
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E., Escargueil, A. E., Larsen, A. K."Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status". International Journal of Oncology 42.5 (2013): 1644-1653.
Chicago
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E., Escargueil, A. E., Larsen, A. K."Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 5 (2013): 1644-1653. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1868
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Petitprez A, Poindessous V, Ouaret D, Regairaz M, Bastian G, Guérin E, Escargueil AE and Larsen AK: Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status. Int J Oncol 42: 1644-1653, 2013.
APA
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E. ... Larsen, A.K. (2013). Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status. International Journal of Oncology, 42, 1644-1653. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1868
MLA
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E., Escargueil, A. E., Larsen, A. K."Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status". International Journal of Oncology 42.5 (2013): 1644-1653.
Chicago
Petitprez, A., Poindessous, V., Ouaret, D., Regairaz, M., Bastian, G., Guérin, E., Escargueil, A. E., Larsen, A. K."Acquired irinotecan resistance is accompanied by stable modifications of cell cycle dynamics independent of MSI status". International Journal of Oncology 42, no. 5 (2013): 1644-1653. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1868
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team