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Review

Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Hiroki Nishikawa
    • Yukio Osaki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0027, Japan
  • Pages: 1333-1342
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    Published online on: August 20, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2061
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Abstract

Although most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to viral infection, there is a substantial population of HCC patients (5-20%) who are negative for both markers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection [non-B, non-C (NBNC) hepatitis] in Japan and the incidence of NBNC-HCC has recently tended to increase. The most common cause of liver disease in developed countries is non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its related complications. Increased body mass index and diabetes mellitus are associated with developing NAFLD and NASH, which is a severe form of NAFLD. Furthermore, increasing clinical evidence supports the fact that NAFLD and NASH can progress to liver cirrhosis and even HCC. A detailed understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, molecular mechanism, clinical features and prognosis of NBNC-HCC could improve our screening and therapy of this disease. In this review, we primarily focus on clinical aspects of NBNC-HCC and refer to our current knowledge of this cancer.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Nishikawa H and Osaki Y: Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 43: 1333-1342, 2013.
APA
Nishikawa, H., & Osaki, Y. (2013). Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 43, 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2061
MLA
Nishikawa, H., Osaki, Y."Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 43.5 (2013): 1333-1342.
Chicago
Nishikawa, H., Osaki, Y."Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 43, no. 5 (2013): 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2061
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Nishikawa H and Osaki Y: Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 43: 1333-1342, 2013.
APA
Nishikawa, H., & Osaki, Y. (2013). Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 43, 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2061
MLA
Nishikawa, H., Osaki, Y."Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 43.5 (2013): 1333-1342.
Chicago
Nishikawa, H., Osaki, Y."Non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 43, no. 5 (2013): 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2061
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