Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 43 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 43 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer

  • Authors:
    • Chang-Ηua Zhang
    • Niranjan Awasthi
    • Margaret A. Schwarz
    • Roderich E. Schwarz
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, IU Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Indiana University, Goshen, IN 46526, USA
  • Pages: 1627-1635
    |
    Published online on: September 13, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2099
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Taxanes have shown therapeutic effects against gastric cancer while also activating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. We investigated the effects of NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235), a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, alone and in combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel in experimental gastric cancer. Cell proliferation and protein expression were measured by WST-1 assay and immunoblotting. Tumor growth and survival studies were performed in murine xenografts. Phosphorylated mTOR and 4E-BP1 levels were elevated in gastric cancer cells and tumor tissues by nab-paclitaxel. BEZ235 effectively inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and provided additive effects in combination with nab-paclitaxel. Furthermore, BEZ235 blocked the activated PI3K/mTOR pathway either alone or in combination with nab-paclitaxel in gastric cancer cells. BEZ235 and nab-paclitaxel caused an increase in PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage. Net local tumor growth inhibition for the BEZ235, nab-paclitaxel and BEZ235+nab-paclitaxel groups was 45.1, 77.9 and 97% compared to controls. The effects of therapy on intratumoral proliferation and apoptosis corresponded with tumor growth inhibition data. BEZ235 also caused a decrease in phospho-mTOR and phospho-Akt in tumor tissue lysates. Median animal survival (controls, 23 days) was 26.5 days after BEZ235 (p=0.227), 90.5 days after nab-paclitaxel (p=0.001) and 97 days in the BEZ235+nab-paclitaxel combination treatment group (p=0.001). Our findings suggest that BEZ235 exerts some antitumor effects against gastric cancer and enhances effects of nab-paclitaxel through inhibition of cell proliferation and modulation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. This approach may represent a promising combination targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1. 

Oh SC: Update of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected gastric cancer. J Gastric Cancer. 12:3–6. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2. 

Schwarz RE and Smith DD: Clinical impact of lymphadenectomy extent in resectable gastric cancer of advanced stage. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:317–328. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

4. 

Pyrhonen S, Kuitunen T, Nyandoto P and Kouri M: Randomised comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer. 71:587–591. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Matsubara J, Shimada Y, Kato K, et al: Phase II study of bolus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin combined with weekly paclitaxel as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. Oncology. 81:291–297. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Boku N, Yamamoto S, Fukuda H, et al: Fluorouracil versus combination of irinotecan plus cisplatin versus S-1 in metastatic gastric cancer: a randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 10:1063–1069. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Ohtsu A, Shah MA, Van Cutsem E, et al: Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 29:3968–3976. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Okada K, Fujiwara Y, Takahashi T, et al: Overexpression of forkhead box M1 transcription factor (FOXM1) is a potential prognostic marker and enhances chemoresistance for docetaxel in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 20:1035–1043. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Elsadek B and Kratz F: Impact of albumin on drug delivery - new applications on the horizon. J Control Release. 157:4–28. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Gradishar WJ, Tjulandin S, Davidson N, et al: Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 23:7794–7803. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Gradishar WJ: Albumin-bound paclitaxel: a next-generation taxane. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 7:1041–1053. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Coleman RL, Brady WE, McMeekin DS, et al: A phase II evaluation of nanoparticle, albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 122:111–115. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

13. 

Kottschade LA, Suman VJ, Amatruda T III, et al: A phase II trial of nab-paclitaxel (ABI-007) and carboplatin in patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study, N057E (1). Cancer. 117:1704–1710. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Socinski MA, Bondarenko I, Karaseva NA, et al: Weekly nabpaclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: final results of a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 30:2055–2062. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15. 

Volk LD, Flister MJ, Chihade D, Desai N, Trieu V and Ran S: Synergy of nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab in eradicating large orthotopic breast tumors and preexisting metastases. Neoplasia. 13:327–338. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

16a. 

Von Hoff DD, Ramanathan RK, Borad MJ, et al: Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is an active regimen in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I/II trial. J Clin Oncol. 29:4548–4554. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

16b. 

Zhang C, Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Hinz S and Schwarz RE: Superior antitumor activity of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in experimental gastric cancer. PLoS One. 8:e580372013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17. 

Awasthi N, Yen PL, Schwarz MA and Schwarz RE: The efficacy of a novel, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 to enhance chemotherapy and antiangiogenic response in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Biochem. 113:784–791. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Byun DS, Cho K, Ryu BK, et al: Frequent monoallelic deletion of PTEN and its reciprocal associatioin with PIK3CA amplification in gastric carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 104:318–327. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Li VS, Wong CW, Chan TL, et al: Mutations of PIK3CA in gastric adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer. 5:292005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Smyth EC and Cunningham D: Targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 13:377–389. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Wong H and Yau T: Targeted therapy in the management of advanced gastric cancer: are we making progress in the era of personalized medicine? Oncologist. 17:346–358. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Serra V, Markman B, Scaltriti M, et al: NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, prevents PI3K signaling and inhibits the growth of cancer cells with activating PI3K mutations. Cancer Res. 68:8022–8030. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Maira SM, Stauffer F, Brueggen J, et al: Identification and characterization of NVP-BEZ235, a new orally available dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with potent in vivo antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:1851–1863. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Jegg AM, Ward TM, Iorns E, et al: PI3K independent activation of mTORC1 as a target in lapatinib-resistant ERBB2+ breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 136:683–692. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Fuereder T, Wanek T, Pflegerl P, et al: Gastric cancer growth control by BEZ235 in vivo does not correlate with PI3K/mTOR target inhibition but with [18F]FLT uptake. Clin Cancer Res. 17:5322–5332. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Quintas-Cardama A and Verstovsek S: Molecular pathways: Jak/STAT pathway: mutations, inhibitors and resistance. Clin Cancer Res. 19:1933–1940. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Van de Bor V, Zimniak G, Cerezo D, Schaub S and Noselli S: Asymmetric localisation of cytokine mRNA is essential for JAK/STAT activation during cell invasiveness. Development. 138:1383–1393. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Xu R, Nakano K, Iwasaki H, et al: Dual blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways overcomes paclitaxel-resistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett. 306:151–160. 2011.

29. 

Kim SH, Juhnn YS and Song YS: Akt involvement in paclitaxel chemoresistance of human ovarian cancer cells. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1095:82–89. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Sun H, Yu T and Li J: Co-administration of perifosine with paclitaxel synergistically induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells: more than just AKT inhibition. Cancer Lett. 310:118–128. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Hou H, Zhang Y, Huang Y, et al: Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinases promote mitotic cell death in HeLa cells. PLoS One. 7:e356652012.

32. 

Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Verma V, Cappiello C and Schwarz RE: Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II interferes with VEGF-induced proangiogenic signaling. Lab Invest. 89:38–46. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Chou TC and Talalay P: Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors. Adv Enzyme Regul. 22:27–55. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Awasthi N, Zhang C, Ruan W, Schwarz MA and Schwarz RE: BMS-754807, a small-molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor, enhances gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 11:2644–2653. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35. 

Zhang C, Awasthi N, Schwarz MA and Schwarz RE: Establishing a peritoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model for survival outcome assessment of experimental gastric cancer. J Surg Res. 182:227–234. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

36. 

Zhang CH, Zhan WH, He YL, Chen CQ, Huang MJ and Cai SR: Spleen preservation in radical surgery for gastric cardia cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 14:1312–1319. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37. 

Xu J, Zhang C, He Y, et al: Lymphatic endothelial cell-secreted CXCL1 stimulates lymphangiogenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 130:787–797. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38. 

Schwarz RE and Zagala-Nevarez K: Recurrence patterns after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: prognostic factors and implications for postoperative adjuvant therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 9:394–400. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

39. 

Hofheinz RD, Wenz F, Lukan N, et al: Oxaliplatin and capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer - an extended phase I MARGIT and AIO trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 73:142–147. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40. 

Kobunai T, Watanabe T and Fukusato T: Antitumour activity of S-1 in combination with cetuximab on human gastric cancer cell lines in vivo. Anticancer Res. 31:3691–3696. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

41. 

Mueller A, Bachmann E, Linnig M, et al: Selective PI3K inhibition by BKM120 and BEZ235 alone or in combination with chemotherapy in wild-type and mutated human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 69:1601–1615. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42. 

Janku F, Tsimberidou AM, Garrido-Laguna I, et al: PIK3CA mutations in patients with advanced cancers treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther. 10:558–565. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43. 

Brito DA and Rieder CL: Mitotic checkpoint slippage in humans occurs via cyclin B destruction in the presence of an active checkpoint. Curr Biol. 16:1194–1200. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang C, Awasthi N, Schwarz MA and Schwarz RE: The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 43: 1627-1635, 2013.
APA
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M.A., & Schwarz, R.E. (2013). The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 43, 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2099
MLA
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M. A., Schwarz, R. E."The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer". International Journal of Oncology 43.5 (2013): 1627-1635.
Chicago
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M. A., Schwarz, R. E."The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer". International Journal of Oncology 43, no. 5 (2013): 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2099
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang C, Awasthi N, Schwarz MA and Schwarz RE: The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 43: 1627-1635, 2013.
APA
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M.A., & Schwarz, R.E. (2013). The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 43, 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2099
MLA
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M. A., Schwarz, R. E."The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer". International Journal of Oncology 43.5 (2013): 1627-1635.
Chicago
Zhang, C., Awasthi, N., Schwarz, M. A., Schwarz, R. E."The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 enhances nab-paclitaxel antitumor response in experimental gastric cancer". International Journal of Oncology 43, no. 5 (2013): 1627-1635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2099
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team