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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mohammed I. Khan
    • Zofia F. Bielecka
    • Mohammad Z. Najm
    • Ewa Bartnik
    • Jerzy S. Czarnecki
    • Anna M. Czarnecka
    • Cezary Szczylik
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Clinic of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland, Department of Knowledge Management, Faculty of Management, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
    Copyright: © Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 349-363
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    Published online on: December 2, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2204
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Abstract

Cancer is a major health problem and cause of death worldwide that accounted for 7.6 million deaths in 2008, which is projected to continue rising with an estimated 13.1 million deaths in 2030 according to WHO. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-based death among women around the world and its incidence is increasing annually with a similar tendency. In contrast, renal cell carcinoma accounts for only 3% of total human malignancies but it is still the most common type of urological cancer with a high prevalence in elderly men (>60 years of age). There are several factors linked with the development of renal cell cancer only, while others are connected only with breast cancer. Genetic risk factors and smoking are the factors which contribute to carcinogenesis in general. Some evidence exists indicating that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with both breast and renal cancer; therefore, we put forward the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the VDR gene may influence both the occurrence risks of these cancers and their prognosis. However, the relationship between VDR polymorphisms and these two specific cancers remains a controversial hypothesis, and consequently needs further confirmation via clinical research together with genetic investigations. Here, we aimed to assess the correlation between the different alleles of VDR gene polymorphisms and renal cell cancer and breast cancer risks separately through a systematic review of the present literature. In contrast, this analysis has revealed that some VDR gene polymorphisms, such as: Bsm1, poly(A), Taq1, Apa1, are to some extent associated with breast cancer risk. Other polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with renal cell cancer. Namely, they were Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1 and Apa1, which encode proteins participating mainly in proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. However, data concerning renal cancer are not sufficient to firmly establish the VDR gene polymorphism association.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Khan MI, Bielecka ZF, Najm MZ, Bartnik E, Czarnecki JS, Czarnecka AM and Szczylik C: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review). Int J Oncol 44: 349-363, 2014.
APA
Khan, M.I., Bielecka, Z.F., Najm, M.Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J.S., Czarnecka, A.M., & Szczylik, C. (2014). Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 44, 349-363. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2204
MLA
Khan, M. I., Bielecka, Z. F., Najm, M. Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J. S., Czarnecka, A. M., Szczylik, C."Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 44.2 (2014): 349-363.
Chicago
Khan, M. I., Bielecka, Z. F., Najm, M. Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J. S., Czarnecka, A. M., Szczylik, C."Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 2 (2014): 349-363. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2204
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Khan MI, Bielecka ZF, Najm MZ, Bartnik E, Czarnecki JS, Czarnecka AM and Szczylik C: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review). Int J Oncol 44: 349-363, 2014.
APA
Khan, M.I., Bielecka, Z.F., Najm, M.Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J.S., Czarnecka, A.M., & Szczylik, C. (2014). Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 44, 349-363. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2204
MLA
Khan, M. I., Bielecka, Z. F., Najm, M. Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J. S., Czarnecka, A. M., Szczylik, C."Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 44.2 (2014): 349-363.
Chicago
Khan, M. I., Bielecka, Z. F., Najm, M. Z., Bartnik, E., Czarnecki, J. S., Czarnecka, A. M., Szczylik, C."Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in breast and renal cancer: Current state and future approaches (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 44, no. 2 (2014): 349-363. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.2204
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