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International Journal of Oncology
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Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
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July-2014 Volume 45 Issue 1

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

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Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

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Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

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Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

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International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

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International Journal of Epigenetics

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Article

Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Gang Wu
    • Xiaojun Lu
    • Yawei Wang
    • Hui He
    • Xiangyu Meng
    • Shuguan Xia
    • Kunming Zhen
    • Yongfeng Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
  • Pages: 351-361
    |
    Published online on: May 6, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2416
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Abstract

ATAD2 is associated with many cellular progresses such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Some studies suggest ATAD2 is highly expressed in cancer cells. In our previous studies, we found that ATAD2 is highly expressed in HCC tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues, and patients with high expression of ATAD2 had a poorer prognosis. Moreover, we found mir-372 can regulate the expression of ATAD2 in HCC cell lines. We also detected a relationship between the mRNA expression of ATAD2 and Ptch1 by gene microarray. Here, we completed the function studies of ATAD2 in vivo and in vitro, and tested whether ATAD2 could regulate the Hh pathway. ATAD2 and Hh pathway protein expressions in 80 HCC specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of ATAD2 and Hh pathway members in paired-HCC tissues and cell lines were, respectively, analyzed using quantitative PCR. ATAD2‑RNAi was transduced into HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells, using a lentiviral vector. The effect of ATAD2 in HCC cell lines on cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Tumorigenicity experiments in nude mice were performed to test the function of ATAD2 in vivo. Pharmacological regulation of Hh signaling was performed to test the relation between the ATAD2 and Hh pathways and C-myc. We found that ATAD2 and Ptch1 were both highly expressed in HCC tissues, compared with paired normal hepatic tissues. In addition, we found that ATAD2 could affect the expression of the Hh pathway by PCR and western blot anaysis in HCC cell lines, by observing the outcome before and after transfection. We speculate that ATAD2 cooperates with the MYC gene to regulate the expression of SMO and Gli, activating the Hh pathway and inducing an active feedback of the Hh pathway.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu G, Lu X, Wang Y, He H, Meng X, Xia S, Zhen K and Liu Y: Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 45: 351-361, 2014.
APA
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S. ... Liu, Y. (2014). Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 351-361. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2416
MLA
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S., Zhen, K., Liu, Y."Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 45.1 (2014): 351-361.
Chicago
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S., Zhen, K., Liu, Y."Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 1 (2014): 351-361. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2416
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu G, Lu X, Wang Y, He H, Meng X, Xia S, Zhen K and Liu Y: Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 45: 351-361, 2014.
APA
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S. ... Liu, Y. (2014). Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 351-361. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2416
MLA
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S., Zhen, K., Liu, Y."Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 45.1 (2014): 351-361.
Chicago
Wu, G., Lu, X., Wang, Y., He, H., Meng, X., Xia, S., Zhen, K., Liu, Y."Epigenetic high regulation of ATAD2 regulates the Hh pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 1 (2014): 351-361. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2416
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