Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
September-2014 Volume 45 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2014 Volume 45 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Du G. Moon
    • Sang E. Lee
    • Mi M. Oh
    • Sang C. Lee
    • Seong J. Jeong
    • Sung K. Hong
    • Cheol Y. Yoon
    • Seok S. Byun
    • Hong S. Park
    • Jun Cheon
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Moon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1027-1035
    |
    Published online on: June 19, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2505
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a prototypic survival pathway and constitutively activated in many malignant conditions. Moreover, activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway confers resistance to various cancer therapies and is often associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we explored the antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in cisplatin-resistant human bladder cancer cells and its synergistic interaction with cisplatin. A human bladder cancer cell line with cisplatin resistance was exposed to escalating doses of NVP-BEZ235 alone or in combination with cisplatin and antitumor effects was determined by the CCK-8 assay. Based on a dose-response study, synergistic interaction between NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin was evaluated by combination index (CI), three-dimensional model and clonogenic assay. The combination of NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin caused significant synergistic antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells over a wide dose range and reduced the IC50 of NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin by 5.6- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Three-dimensional synergy analysis resulted in a synergy volume of 388.25 µM/ml2% indicating a strong synergistic effect of combination therapy. The combination therapy caused cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Although NVP-BEZ235 suppressed PI3K/mTOR signaling without any paradoxical induction of Akt activity, it caused MEK/ERK pathway activation. The present study demonstrated that the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 can synergistically potentiate the antitumor effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells though the suppression of cell cycle progression and the survival pathway as well as induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Fossa SD, Aass N, Ous S, et al: Survival after curative treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Acta Oncol. 35(Suppl 8): 59–65. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Saxman SB, Propert KJ, Einhorn LH, et al: Long-term follow-up of a phase III intergroup study of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study. J Clin Oncol. 15:2564–2569. 1997.

3 

Hoda MA, Mohamed A, Ghanim B, et al: Temsirolimus inhibits malignant pleural mesothelioma growth in vitro and in vivo: synergism with chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol. 6:852–863. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

O’Reilly T, McSheehy PM, Wartmann M, et al: Evaluation of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, in combination with cytotoxic antitumor agents using human tumor models in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Drugs. 22:58–78. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chen P, Wang L, Liu B, et al: EGFR-targeted therapies combined with chemotherapy for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 67:235–243. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pinto-Leite R, Botelho P, Ribeiro E, et al: Effect of sirolimus on urinary bladder cancer T24 cell line. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 28:32009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wu X, Obata T, Khan Q, et al: The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway regulates bladder cancer cell invasion. BJU Int. 93:143–150. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Puzio-Kuter AM, Castillo-Martin M, Kinkade CW, et al: Inactivation of p53 and Pten promotes invasive bladder cancer. Genes Dev. 23:675–680. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Garcia JA and Danielpour D: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in the management of urologic malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther. 7:1347–1354. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Thallinger C, Poeppl W, Pratscher B, et al: CCI-779 plus cisplatin is highly effective against human melanoma in a SCID mouse xenotranplantation model. Pharmacology. 79:207–213. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Ma BB, Lui VW, Hui EP, et al: The activity of mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Invest New Drugs. 28:413–420. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Yardley DA: Combining mTOR inhibitors with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies in advanced breast cancer: rationale, clinical experience, and future directions. Breast Cancer. 7:7–22. 2013.

13 

Chiong E, Lee IL, Dadbin A, et al: Effects of mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) on bladder cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 17:2863–2873. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fechner G, Classen K, Schmidt D, et al: Rapamycin inhibits in vitro growth and release of angiogenetic factors in human bladder cancer. Urology. 73:665–669. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wu C, Wangpaichitr M, Feun L, et al: Overcoming cisplatin resistance by mTOR inhibitor in lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 4:252005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Manara MC, Nicoletti G, Zambelli D, et al: NVP-BEZ235 as a new therapeutic option for sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res. 16:530–540. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mukherjee B, Tomimatsu N, Amancherla K, et al: The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 is a potent inhibitor of ATM- and DNA-PKCs-mediated DNA damage responses. Neoplasia. 14:34–43. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Chou TC and Talalay P: Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors. Adv Enzyme Regul. 22:27–55. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Buckwold VE, Wei J, Wenzel-Mathers M, et al: Synergistic in vitro interactions between alpha interferon and ribavirin against bovine viral diarrhea virus and yellow fever virus as surrogate models of hepatitis C virus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 47:2293–2298. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Tarbet EB, Maekawa M, Furuta Y, et al: Combinations of favipiravir and peramivir for the treatment of pandemic influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) virus infections in mice. Antiviral Res. 94:103–110. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Vilhelmova N, Jacquet R, Quideau S, et al: Three-dimensional analysis of combination effect of ellagitannins and acyclovir on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Antiviral Res. 89:174–181. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Lee S, Choi EJ, Jin C, et al: Activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by PTEN reduction and PIK3CA mRNA amplification contributes to cisplatin resistance in an ovarian cancer cell line. Gynecol Oncol. 97:26–34. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Altomare DA, Wang HQ, Skele KL, et al: AKT and mTOR phosphorylation is frequently detected in ovarian cancer and can be targeted to disrupt ovarian tumor cell growth. Oncogene. 23:5853–5857. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Fahy BN, Schlieman MG, Virudachalam S, et al: Inhibition of AKT abrogates chemotherapy-induced NF-kappaB survival mechanisms: implications for therapy in pancreatic cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 198:591–599. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zhang HY, Zhang PN and Sun H: Aberration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer and its implication in cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 146:81–86. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sun CH, Chang YH and Pan CC: Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway correlates with tumour progression and reduced survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Histopathology. 58:1054–1063. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Rao YK, Wu AT, Geethangili M, et al: Identification of antrocin from Antrodia camphorata as a selective and novel class of small molecule inhibitor of Akt/mTOR signaling in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 24:238–245. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wangpaichitr M, Wu C, You M, et al: Inhibition of mTOR restores cisplatin sensitivity through down-regulation of growth and anti-apoptotic proteins. Eur J Pharmacol. 591:124–127. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mabuchi S, Kawase C, Altomare DA, et al: mTOR is a promising therapeutic target both in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Clin Cancer Res. 15:5404–5413. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yasumizu Y, Miyajima A, Kosaka T, et al: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 sensitizes docetaxel in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Urol. 191:227–234. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mansure JJ, Nassim R, Chevalier S, et al: Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin as a therapeutic strategy in the management of bladder cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 8:2339–2347. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yang F, Qian XJ, Qin W, et al: Dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 has a therapeutic potential and sensitizes cisplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One. 8:e598792013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Schult C, Dahlhaus M, Glass A, et al: The dual kinase inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in combination with cytotoxic drugs exerts anti-proliferative activity towards acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Anticancer Res. 32:463–474. 2012.

34 

Bhatt AP, Bhende PM, Sin SH, et al: Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR inhibits autocrine and paracrine proliferative loops in PI3K/Akt/mTOR-addicted lymphomas. Blood. 115:4455–4463. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Roccaro AM, Sacco A, Husu EN, et al: Dual targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as an antitumor strategy in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Blood. 115:559–569. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Winter JN, Fox TE, Kester M, et al: Phosphatidic acid mediates activation of mTORC1 through the ERK signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 299:C335–C344. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Zitzmann K, Ruden J, Brand S, et al: Compensatory activation of Akt in response to mTOR and Raf inhibitors - a rationale for dual-targeted therapy approaches in neuroendocrine tumor disease. Cancer Lett. 295:100–109. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Aziz SA, Jilaveanu LB, Zito C, et al: Vertical targeting of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway as a strategy for treating melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 16:6029–6039. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Haagensen EJ, Kyle S, Beale GS, et al: The synergistic interaction of MEK and PI3K inhibitors is modulated by mTOR inhibition. Br J Cancer. 106:1386–1394. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Moon DG, Lee SE, Oh MM, Lee SC, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Yoon CY, Byun SS, Park HS, Cheon J, Cheon J, et al: NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 45: 1027-1035, 2014.
APA
Moon, D.G., Lee, S.E., Oh, M.M., Lee, S.C., Jeong, S.J., Hong, S.K. ... Cheon, J. (2014). NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2505
MLA
Moon, D. G., Lee, S. E., Oh, M. M., Lee, S. C., Jeong, S. J., Hong, S. K., Yoon, C. Y., Byun, S. S., Park, H. S., Cheon, J."NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 45.3 (2014): 1027-1035.
Chicago
Moon, D. G., Lee, S. E., Oh, M. M., Lee, S. C., Jeong, S. J., Hong, S. K., Yoon, C. Y., Byun, S. S., Park, H. S., Cheon, J."NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 3 (2014): 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2505
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Moon DG, Lee SE, Oh MM, Lee SC, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Yoon CY, Byun SS, Park HS, Cheon J, Cheon J, et al: NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 45: 1027-1035, 2014.
APA
Moon, D.G., Lee, S.E., Oh, M.M., Lee, S.C., Jeong, S.J., Hong, S.K. ... Cheon, J. (2014). NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2505
MLA
Moon, D. G., Lee, S. E., Oh, M. M., Lee, S. C., Jeong, S. J., Hong, S. K., Yoon, C. Y., Byun, S. S., Park, H. S., Cheon, J."NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 45.3 (2014): 1027-1035.
Chicago
Moon, D. G., Lee, S. E., Oh, M. M., Lee, S. C., Jeong, S. J., Hong, S. K., Yoon, C. Y., Byun, S. S., Park, H. S., Cheon, J."NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 45, no. 3 (2014): 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2505
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team