Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 46 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2015 Volume 46 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells

  • Authors:
    • Shota Moriya
    • Seiichiro Komatsu
    • Kaho Yamasaki
    • Yusuke Kawai
    • Hiroko Kokuba
    • Ayako Hirota
    • Xiao‑Fang Che
    • Masato Inazu
    • Akihiko Gotoh
    • Masaki Hiramoto
    • Keisuke Miyazawa
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Breast Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Hematology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
    Copyright: © Moriya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 474-486
    |
    Published online on: November 24, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2773
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The inhibitory effects of macrolide antibiotics including clarithromycin (CAM) on autophagy flux have been reported. Although a macrolide antibiotic exhibits no cytotoxicity, its combination with bortezomib (BZ), a proteasome inhibitor, for the simultaneous blocking of the ubiquitin (Ub)‑proteasome and autophagy‑lysosome pathways leads to enhanced multiple myeloma (MM) cell apoptosis induction via stress overloading of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As misfolded protein cargo is recruited by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to dynein motors for aggresome transport, serving to sequester misfolded proteins, we further investigated the cellular effects of targeting proteolytic pathways and aggresome formation concomitantly in MM cells. Pronounced apoptosis was induced by the combination of vorinostat [suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA); potently inhibits HDAC6] with CAM and BZ compared with each reagent or a 2‑reagent combination. CAM/BZ treatment induced vimentin positive‑aggresome formation along with the accumulation of autolysosomes in the perinuclear region, whereas they were inhibited in the presence of SAHA. The SAHA/CAM/BZ combination treatment maximally upregulated genes related to ER stress including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Similarly to MM cell lines, enhanced cytotoxicity with CHOP upregulation following SAHA/CAM/BZ treatment was shown by a wild‑type murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell line; however, a CHOP‑deficient MEF cell line almost completely canceled this pronounced cytotoxicity. Knockdown of HDAC6 with siRNA exhibited further enhanced CAM/BZ‑induced cytotoxicity and CHOP induction along with the cancellation of aggresome formation. Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome, proteasome, and autophagy is suggested to induce efficient ER stress‑mediated apoptosis in MM cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, et al: A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. N Engl J Med. 348:2609–2617. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, et al: Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 359:906–917. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Richardson PG, Xie W, Jagannath S, et al: A phase 2 trial of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory myeloma. Blood. 123:1461–1469. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Siegel DS, Martin T, Wang M, et al: A phase 2 study of single-agent carfilzomib (PX-171–003-A1) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 120:2817–2825. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Dimopoulos M, Siegel DS, Lonial S, et al: Vorinostat or placebo in combination with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma (VANTAGE 088): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study. Lancet Oncol. 14:1129–1140. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Orlowski RZ: Novel agents for multiple myeloma to overcome resistance in phase III clinical trials. Semin Oncol. 40:634–651. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Martinon F: Targeting endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathways in cancer. Acta Oncol. 51:822–830. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hetz C, Chevet E and Harding HP: Targeting the unfolded protein response in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 12:703–719. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Tabas I and Ron D: Integrating the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nat Cell Biol. 13:184–190. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Verfaillie T, Salazar M, Velasco G and Agostinis P: Linking ER stress to autophagy: potential implications for cancer therapy. Int J Cell Biol. 2010:9305092010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM and Klionsky DJ: Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature. 451:1069–1075. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Mizushima N: Autophagy in protein and organelle turnover. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 76:397–402. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kirkin V, McEwan DG, Novak I and Dikic I: A role for ubiquitin in selective autophagy. Mol Cell. 34:259–269. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Korolchuk VI, Menzies FM and Rubinsztein DC: Mechanisms of cross-talk between the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems. FEBS Lett. 584:1393–1398. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kawaguchi T, Miyazawa K, Moriya S, Ohtomo T, Che XF, Naito M, Itoh M and Tomoda A: Combined treatment with bortezomib plus bafilomycin A1 enhances the cytocidal effect and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in U266 myeloma cells: Crosstalk among proteasome, autophagy-lysosome and ER stress. Int J Oncol. 38:643–654. 2011.

16 

Moriya S, Che XF, Komatsu S, Abe A, Kawaguchi T, Gotoh A, Inazu M, Tomoda A and Miyazawa K: Macrolide antibiotics block autophagy flux and sensitize to bortezomib via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CHOP induction in myeloma cells. Int J Oncol. 42:1541–1550. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Komatsu S, Miyazawa K, Moriya S, Takase A, Naito M, Inazu M, Kohno N, Itoh M and Tomoda A: Clarithromycin enhances bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CHOP (GADD153) induction and autophagy in breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 40:1029–1039. 2012.

18 

Simms-Waldrip T, Rodriguez-Gonzalez A, Lin T, Ikeda AK, Fu C and Sakamoto KM: The aggresome pathway as a target for therapy in hematologic malignancies. Mol Genet Metab. 94:283–286. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Kawaguchi Y, Kovacs JJ, McLaurin A, Vance JM, Ito A and Yao TP: The deacetylase HDAC6 regulates aggresome formation and cell viability in response to misfolded protein stress. Cell. 115:727–738. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ouyang H, Ali YO, Ravichandran M, Dong A, Qiu W, MacKenzie F, Dhe-Paganon S, Arrowsmith CH and Zhai RG: Protein aggregates are recruited to aggresome by histone deacetylase 6 via unanchored ubiquitin C termini. J Biol Chem. 287:2317–2327. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

21 

Lee JY, Koga H, Kawaguchi Y, et al: HDAC6 controls autophagosome maturation essential for ubiquitin-selective quality-control autophagy. EMBO J. 29:969–980. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Fusco C, Micale L, Egorov M, et al: The E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM50 interacts with HDAC6 and p62, and promotes the sequestration and clearance of ubiquitinated proteins into the aggresome. PLoS One. 7:e404402012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Yan J, Seibenhener ML, Calderilla-Barbosa L, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Jiang J, Wooten MW and Wooten MC: SQSTM1/p62 interacts with HDAC6 and regulates deacetylase activity. PLoS One. 8:e760162013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Komatsu S, Moriya S, Che XF, Yokoyama T, Kohno N and Miyazawa K: Combined treatment with SAHA, bortezomib, and clarithromycin for concomitant targeting of aggresome formation and intracellular proteolytic pathways enhances ER stress-mediated cell death in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 437:41–47. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Olsen EA, Kim YH, Kuzel TM, et al: Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 25:3109–3115. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kavanaugh SM, White LA and Kolesar JM: Vorinostat: a novel therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 67:793–797. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Hubbert C, Guardiola A, Shao R, Kawaguchi Y, Ito A, Nixon A, Yoshida M, Wang XF and Yao TP: HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase. Nature. 417:455–458. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Haggarty SJ, Koeller KM, Wong JC, Grozinger CM and Schreiber SL: Domain-selective small-molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated tubulin deacetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:4389–4394. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Garcia-Mata R, Bebök Z, Sorscher EJ and Sztul ES: Characterization and dynamics of aggresome formation by a cytosolic GFP-chimera. J Cell Biol. 146:1239–1254. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Johnston JA, Ward CL and Kopito RR: Aggresomes: a cellular response to misfolded proteins. J Cell Biol. 143:1883–1898. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Hung YH, Chen LM, Yang JY and Yang WY: Spatiotemporally controlled induction of autophagy-mediated lysosome turnover. Nat Commun. 4:21112013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Richter-Landsberg C and Leyk J: Inclusion body formation, macroautophagy, and the role of HDAC6 in neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol. 126:793–807. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hol EM, Fischer DF, Ovaa H and Scheper W: Ubiquitin proteasome system as a pharmacological target in neurodegeneration. Expert Rev Neurother. 6:1337–1347. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Nawrocki ST, Carew JS, Maclean KH, Courage JF, Huang P, Houghton JA, Cleveland JL, Giles FJ and McConkey DJ: Myc regulates aggresome formation, the induction of Noxa, and apoptosis in response to the combination of bortezomib and SAHA. Blood. 112:2917–2926. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Zaarur N, Meriin AB, Bejarano E, Xu X, Gabai VL, Cuervo AM and Sherman MY: Proteasome failure promotes positioning of lysosomes around the aggresome via local block of microtubule-dependent transport. Mol Cell Biol. 34:1336–1348. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Nakamura M, Kikukawa Y, Takeya M, Mitsuya H and Hata H: Clarithromycin attenuates autophagy in myeloma cells. Int J Oncol. 37:815–820. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yamamoto A, Tagawa Y, Yoshimori T, Moriyama Y, Masaki R and Tashiro Y: Bafilomycin A1 prevents maturation of autophagic vacuoles by inhibiting fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in rat hepatoma cell line, H-4-II-E cells. Cell Struct Funct. 23:33–42. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Renna M, Schaffner C, Brown K, et al: Azithromycin blocks autophagy and may predispose cystic fibrosis patients to mycobacterial infection. J Clin Invest. 121:3554–3563. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Maejima I, Takahashi A, Omori H, et al: Autophagy sequesters damaged lysosomes to control lysosomal biogenesis and kidney injury. EMBO J. 32:2336–2347. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Moriya S, Komatsu S, Yamasaki K, Kawai Y, Kokuba H, Hirota A, Che XF, Inazu M, Gotoh A, Hiramoto M, Hiramoto M, et al: Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Int J Oncol 46: 474-486, 2015.
APA
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A. ... Miyazawa, K. (2015). Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 474-486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2773
MLA
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A., Che, X., Inazu, M., Gotoh, A., Hiramoto, M., Miyazawa, K."Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells". International Journal of Oncology 46.2 (2015): 474-486.
Chicago
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A., Che, X., Inazu, M., Gotoh, A., Hiramoto, M., Miyazawa, K."Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 2 (2015): 474-486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2773
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Moriya S, Komatsu S, Yamasaki K, Kawai Y, Kokuba H, Hirota A, Che XF, Inazu M, Gotoh A, Hiramoto M, Hiramoto M, et al: Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Int J Oncol 46: 474-486, 2015.
APA
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A. ... Miyazawa, K. (2015). Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 474-486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2773
MLA
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A., Che, X., Inazu, M., Gotoh, A., Hiramoto, M., Miyazawa, K."Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells". International Journal of Oncology 46.2 (2015): 474-486.
Chicago
Moriya, S., Komatsu, S., Yamasaki, K., Kawai, Y., Kokuba, H., Hirota, A., Che, X., Inazu, M., Gotoh, A., Hiramoto, M., Miyazawa, K."Targeting the integrated networks of aggresome formation, proteasome, and autophagy potentiates ER stress‑mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 2 (2015): 474-486. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2773
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team