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Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis

  • Authors:
    • Nassirhadjy Memtily
    • Tomoko Okada
    • Tatsuhiko Ebihara
    • Mari Sato
    • Atsushi Kurabayashi
    • Mutsuo Furihata
    • Mitsuo Suga
    • Hidetoshi Nishiyama
    • Kazuhiro Mio
    • Chikara Sato
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, University of Kochi, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan, Advanced Technology Division, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196‑8558, Japan
    Copyright: © Memtily et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1872-1882
    |
    Published online on: February 24, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2905
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Abstract

In the atmospheric scanning electron microscope (ASEM), a 2- to 3-µm layer of the sample resting on a silicon nitride-film window in the base of an open sample dish is imaged, in liquid, at atmospheric pressure, from below by an inverted SEM. Thus, the time-consuming pretreatments generally required for biological samples to withstand the vacuum of a standard electron microscope are avoided. In the present study, various mouse tissues (brain, spinal cord, muscle, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and stomach) were fixed, stained with heavy metals, and visualized in radical scavenger D-glucose solution using the ASEM. While some stains made the nuclei of cells very prominent (platinum-blue, phosphotungstic acid), others also emphasized cell organelles and membranous structures (uranium acetate or the NCMIR method). Notably, symbiotic bacteria were sometimes observed on stomach mucosa. Furthermore, kidney tissue could be stained and successfully imaged in <30 min. Lung and spinal cord tissue from normal mice and mice metastasized with breast cancer cells was also examined. Cancer cells present in lung alveoli and in parts of the spine tissue clearly had larger nuclei than normal cells. The results indicate that the ASEM has the potential to accelerate intraoperative cancer diagnosis, the diagnosis of kidney diseases and pathogen detection. Importantly, in the course of the present study it was possible to increase the observable tissue area by using a new multi-windowed ASEM sample dish and sliding the tissue across its eight windows.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Memtily N, Okada T, Ebihara T, Sato M, Kurabayashi A, Furihata M, Suga M, Nishiyama H, Mio K, Sato C, Sato C, et al: Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis. Int J Oncol 46: 1872-1882, 2015.
APA
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M. ... Sato, C. (2015). Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1872-1882. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2905
MLA
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M., Suga, M., Nishiyama, H., Mio, K., Sato, C."Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis". International Journal of Oncology 46.5 (2015): 1872-1882.
Chicago
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M., Suga, M., Nishiyama, H., Mio, K., Sato, C."Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 5 (2015): 1872-1882. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2905
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Memtily N, Okada T, Ebihara T, Sato M, Kurabayashi A, Furihata M, Suga M, Nishiyama H, Mio K, Sato C, Sato C, et al: Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis. Int J Oncol 46: 1872-1882, 2015.
APA
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M. ... Sato, C. (2015). Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1872-1882. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2905
MLA
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M., Suga, M., Nishiyama, H., Mio, K., Sato, C."Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis". International Journal of Oncology 46.5 (2015): 1872-1882.
Chicago
Memtily, N., Okada, T., Ebihara, T., Sato, M., Kurabayashi, A., Furihata, M., Suga, M., Nishiyama, H., Mio, K., Sato, C."Observation of tissues in open aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy: Applicability to intraoperative cancer diagnosis". International Journal of Oncology 46, no. 5 (2015): 1872-1882. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2905
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