Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 47 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2015 Volume 47 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines

  • Authors:
    • Michele Linsalata
    • Antonella Orlando
    • Valeria Tutino
    • Maria Notarnicola
    • Benedetta D'Attoma
    • Francesco Russo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. ‘Saverio de Bellis’, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy, Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. ‘Saverio de Bellis’, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
  • Pages: 773-781
    |
    Published online on: June 4, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3033
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Gastric and colon cancers remain the leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. Since the gastrointestinal tract works in a constant link with the external environment, chemoprevention by dietary constituents could represent a possible approach to reduce cancer risk. Dietary vitamin K1 (VK1) has been shown to prevent the growth of many types of cancer cells. However, no data are available on possible different susceptibility to VK1 by gastric or colon neoplastic cell lines. Moreover, the exact mechanism of action of VK1 is still object of investigation, even if it has been reported that VK1 may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, molecules affecting cell growth such as the natural polyamines could be of interest in VK1 action. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of increasing concentrations of VK1 (from 10 to 200 µM) administered up to 72 h, on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of a gastric (HGC-27) and a colon (SW480) cancer cell line. Additionally, the polyamine biosynthesis and the MAPK pathway were also examined. VK1 treatments caused an inhibition of cell proliferation and an induction of apoptosis in both cell lines, with a concomitant significant decrease of the polyamine biosynthesis, increased phospho-ERK 1/2 expression was also observed. A different proliferative behavior and a different response to VK1 by gastric and colon cancer cells was evident, with colon cells showing a more pronounced susceptibility to VK1 action. VK1 is safe and without known toxicities in adult humans, consequently it could be effective in prevention and treatment of selected gastrointestinal neoplasms. Protocols based on the use of VK1, along with polyamine inhibitors and/or analogues, could represent a suitable alternative option for improving the efficacy of chemoprevention and treatment in future strategies for gastrointestinal cancer management.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Lepage C, Hamza S and Faivre J: Epidemiology and screening of colon cancer. Rev Prat. 60:1062–1067. 2010.(In French).

2 

Milner JA, McDonald SS, Anderson DE and Greenwald P: Molecular targets for nutrients involved with cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 41:1–16. 2001.

3 

MacFarlane AJ and Stover PJ: Convergence of genetic, nutritional and inflammatory factors in gastrointestinal cancers. Nutr Rev. 65:S157–S166. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Hitomi M, Yokoyama F, Kita Y, Nonomura T, Masaki T, Yoshiji H, Inoue H, Kinekawa F, Kurokohchi K, Uchida N, et al: Antitumor effects of vitamins K1, K2 and K3 on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol. 26:713–720. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Amalia H, Sasaki R, Suzuki Y, Demizu Y, Bito T, Nishimura H, Okamoto Y, Yoshida K, Miyawaki D, Kawabe T, et al: Vitamin K2-derived compounds induce growth inhibition in radioresistant cancer cells. Kobe J Med Sci. 56:E38–E49. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ogawa M, Nakai S, Deguchi A, Nonomura T, Masaki T, Uchida N, Yoshiji H and Kuriyama S: Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exert antitumor effects on established colorectal cancer in mice by inducing apoptotic death of tumor cells. Int J Oncol. 31:323–331. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Lamson DW and Plaza SM: The anticancer effects of vitamin K. Altern Med Rev. 8:303–318. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Shearer MJ and Newman P: Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K. Thromb Haemost. 100:530–547. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yao Y, Li L, Zhang H, Jia R, Liu B, Zhao X, Zhang L, Qian G, Fan X and Ge S: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of vitamin K2 by silencing BCL-2 expression in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett. 4:163–167. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ozaki I, Zhang H, Mizuta T, Ide Y, Eguchi Y, Yasutake T, Sakamaki T, Pestell RG and Yamamoto K: Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analogue, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by suppressing cyclin D1 expression through inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB activation. Clin Cancer Res. 13:2236–2245. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Kanamori T, Shimizu M, Okuno M, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tsurumi H, Kojima S and Moriwaki H: Synergistic growth inhibition by acyclic retinoid and vitamin K2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci. 98:431–437. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Du W, Zhou JR, Wang DL, Gong K and Zhang QJ: Vitamin K1 enhances sorafenib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of human malignant glioma cells by blocking the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. World J Surg Oncol. 10:602012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Showalter SL, Wang Z, Costantino CL, Witkiewicz AK, Yeo CJ, Brody JR and Carr BI: Naturally occurring K vitamins inhibit pancreatic cancer cell survival through a caspase-dependent pathway. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25:738–744. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Orlando A, Linsalata M, Tutino V, D’Attoma B, Notarnicola M and Russo F: Vitamin K1 exerts antiproliferative effects and induces apoptosis in three differently graded human colon cancer cell lines. BioMed Res Int. Article ID 296721 (In press).

15 

Tokita H, Tsuchida A, Miyazawa K, Ohyashiki K, Katayanagi S, Sudo H, Enomoto M, Takagi Y and Aoki T: Vitamin K2-induced antitumor effects via cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Med. 17:235–243. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kawakita H, Tsuchida A, Miyazawa K, Naito M, Shigoka M, Kyo B, Enomoto M, Wada T, Katsumata K, Ohyashiki K, et al: Growth inhibitory effects of vitamin K2 on colon cancer cell lines via different types of cell death including autophagy and apoptosis. Int J Mol Med. 23:709–716. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Igarashi K and Kashiwagi K: Modulation of cellular function by polyamines. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 42:39–51. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Moschou PN and Roubelakis-Angelakis KA: Polyamines and programmed cell death. J Exp Bot. 65:1285–1296. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Nowotarski SL, Woster PM and Casero RA Jr: Polyamines and cancer: implications for chemotherapy and chemoprevention. Expert Rev Mol Med. 22;15:e32013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ramani D, De Bandt JP and Cynober L: Aliphatic polyamines in physiology and diseases. Clin Nutr. 33:14–22. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Laukaitis CM and Gerner EW: DFMO: Targeted risk reduction therapy for colorectal neoplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 25:495–506. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Seiler N: Thirty years of polyamine-related approaches to cancer therapy. Retrospect and prospect Part 1 Selective enzyme inhibitors. Curr Drug Targets. 4:537–564. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Linsalata M and Russo F: Nutritional factors and polyamine metabolism in colorectal cancer. Nutrition. 24:382–389. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Linsalata M, Orlando A, Messa C, Refolo MG and Russo F: Quercetin inhibits human DLD-1 colon cancer cell growth and polyamine biosynthesis. Anticancer Res. 30:3501–3507. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Linsalata M, Cavallini A, Messa C, Orlando A, Refolo MG and Russo F: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG influences polyamine metabolism in HGC-27 gastric cancer cell line: A strategy toward nutritional approach to chemoprevention of gastric cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 16:847–853. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

MacKeigan JP, Collins TS and Ting JP: MEK inhibition enhances paclitaxel-induced tumor apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 275:38953–38956. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Orlando A, Linsalata M, Notarnicola M, Tutino V and Russo F: Lactobacillus GG restoration of the gliadin induced epithelial barrier disruption: the role of cellular polyamines. BMC Microbiol. 14:192014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Linsalata M, Notarnicola M, Tutino V, Bifulco M, Santoro A, Laezza C, Messa C, Orlando A and Caruso MG: Effects of anandamide on polyamine levels and cell growth in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 30:2583–2589. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Linsalata M, Russo F, Notarnicola M, Berloco P and Di Leo A: Polyamine profile in human gastric mucosa infected by Helicobacter pylori. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 30:484–489. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Garewal HS, Sloan D, Sampliner RE and Fennerty B: Ornithine decarboxylase assay in human colorectal mucosa. Methodologic issues of importance to quality control. Int J Cancer. 52:355–358. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kayashima T, Mori M, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y and Matsubara K: 1,4-Naphthoquinone is a potent inhibitor of human cancer cell growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Lett. 278:34–40. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Adnan H, Antenos M and Kirby GM: The effect of menadione on glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1): c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) complex dissociation in human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett. 214:53–62. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wei G, Wang M and Carr BI: Sorafenib combined vitamin K induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines through RAF/MEK/ERK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways. J Cell Physiol. 224:112–119. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Wei G, Wang M, Hyslop T, Wang Z and Carr BI: Vitamin K enhancement of sorafenib-mediated HCC cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer. 127:2949–2958. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

35 

Gerner EW and Meyskens FL Jr: Polyamines and cancer: Old molecules, new understanding. Nat Rev Cancer. 4:781–792. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Casero RA Jr and Marton LJ: Targeting polyamine metabolism and function in cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 6:373–390. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pegg AE: Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase. J Biol Chem. 281:14529–14532. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Linsalata M, Orlando A and Russo F: Pharmacological and dietary agents for colorectal cancer chemoprevention: effects on polyamine metabolism (Review). Int J Oncol. 45:1802–1812. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Deloyer P, Peulen O and Dandrifosse G: Dietary polyamines and non-neoplastic growth and disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13:1027–1032. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Seiler N and Raul F: Polyamines and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med. 9:623–642. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Davidson NE, Hahm HA, McCloskey DE, Woster PM and Casero RA Jr: Clinical aspects of cell death in breast cancer: The polyamine pathway as a new target for treatment. Endocr Relat Cancer. 6:69–73. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Gao JH, Guo LJ, Huang ZY, Rao JN and Tang CW: Roles of cellular polyamines in mucosal healing in the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol. 64:681–693. 2013.

43 

Sui X, Kong N, Ye L, Han W, Zhou J, Zhang Q, He C and Pan H: p38 and JNK MAPK pathways control the balance of apoptosis and autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Lett. 344:174–179. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Zhu L, Yu X, Akatsuka Y, Cooper JA and Anasetti C: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in activation-induced apoptosis of T cells. Immunology. 97:26–35. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Osada S, Osada K and Carr BI: Tumor cell growth inhibition and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation by novel K vitamins. J Mol Biol. 314:765–772. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Manni A, Washington S, Hu X, Griffith JW, Bruggeman R, Demers LM, Mauger D and Verderame MF: Effects of polyamine synthesis inhibitors on primary tumor features and metastatic capacity of human breast cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis. 22:255–263. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Matsumoto K, Okano J, Nagahara T and Murawaki Y: Apoptosis of liver cancer cells by vitamin K2 and enhancement by MEK inhibition. Int J Oncol. 29:1501–1508. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

48 

Duranton B, Holl V, Schneider Y, Carnesecchi S, Gossé F, Raul F and Seiler N: Polyamine metabolism in primary human colon adenocarcinoma cells (SW480) and their lymph node metastatic derivatives (SW620). Amino Acids. 24:63–72. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

49 

Mizuta T, Ozaki I, Eguchi Y, Yasutake T, Kawazoe S, Fujimoto K and Yamamoto K: The effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on disease recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a pilot study. Cancer. 106:867–872. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Linsalata M, Orlando A, Tutino V, Notarnicola M, D'Attoma B and Russo F: Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 47: 773-781, 2015.
APA
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., & Russo, F. (2015). Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines. International Journal of Oncology, 47, 773-781. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3033
MLA
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., Russo, F."Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of Oncology 47.2 (2015): 773-781.
Chicago
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., Russo, F."Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 2 (2015): 773-781. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3033
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Linsalata M, Orlando A, Tutino V, Notarnicola M, D'Attoma B and Russo F: Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 47: 773-781, 2015.
APA
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., & Russo, F. (2015). Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines. International Journal of Oncology, 47, 773-781. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3033
MLA
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., Russo, F."Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of Oncology 47.2 (2015): 773-781.
Chicago
Linsalata, M., Orlando, A., Tutino, V., Notarnicola, M., D'Attoma, B., Russo, F."Inhibitory effect of vitamin K1 on growth and polyamine biosynthesis of human gastric and colon carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of Oncology 47, no. 2 (2015): 773-781. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3033
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team