Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 48 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2016 Volume 48 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism

  • Authors:
    • Yanchen Liu
    • Tianbiao Zou
    • Shuhuai Wang
    • Hong Chen
    • Dongju Su
    • Xiaona Fu
    • Qingyuan Zhang
    • Xinmei Kang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1063-1072
    |
    Published online on: January 19, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3351
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

It is believed that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), like normal stem cell counterparts, have the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. Simultaneously, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (-) BCSCs are affected by surrounding differentiated ER-positive (+) tumor cells by virtue of paracrine signaling within the tumor micro­environment. Genistein (GEN), as a sort of phytoestrogen, can act on ER+ breast cancer cells but the role of GEN in the differentiation of neighboring ER- BCSCs has not been defined. Transwell co-culture system was utilized so as to elaborate the interaction between well-differentiated ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and ER- breast cancer stem/progenitor cells (mammospheres derived from MDA-MB-231 cells). GEN-induced differentiation of BCSCs was analyzed by mammospheres formation assay, flow cytometry and RT-PCR after a 3 day solo-culture or co-culture. We find that GEN sized 2 µM, and 40 nM, effectively promotes morphological alteration of mammospheres, reduces the ratio of subset of CD44+/CD24-/ESA+ cells and upregulates the expression of differentiated cell markers of mammospheres in co-culture system, but not in solo-culture condition. Besides, we demonstrate that the differentiation-inducing effect of GEN on mammospheres is associated with PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways which are activated by amphiregulin released from ER+ cancer cells. These results indicate that GEN was able to induce the differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through interaction with ER+ cancer cells by a paracrine mechanism.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Wu C and Alman BA: Side population cells in human cancers. Cancer Lett. 268:1–9. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Dave B and Chang J: Treatment resistance in stem cells and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 14:79–82. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Visvader JE and Lindeman GJ: Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: Accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:755–768. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Li X, Lewis MT, Huang J, Gutierrez C, Osborne CK, Wu MF, Hilsenbeck SG, Pavlick A, Zhang X, Chamness GC, et al: Intrinsic resistance of tumorigenic breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 100:672–679. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Creighton CJ, Li X, Landis M, Dixon JM, Neumeister VM, Sjolund A, Rimm DL, Wong H, Rodriguez A, Herschkowitz JI, et al: Residual breast cancers after conventional therapy display mesenchymal as well as tumor-initiating features. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:13820–13825. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Takehara M, Hoshino T, Namba T, Yamakawa N and Mizushima T: Acetaminophen-induced differentiation of human breast cancer stem cells and inhibition of tumor xenograft growth in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 81:1124–1135. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ and Clarke MF: Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:3983–3988. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J and Dirks PB: Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res. 63:5821–5828. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Peschle C and De Maria R: Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature. 445:111–115. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Mani SA, Guo W, Liao MJ, Eaton EN, Ayyanan A, Zhou AY, Brooks M, Reinhard F, Zhang CC, Shipitsin M, et al: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell. 133:704–715. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ponti D, Costa A, Zaffaroni N, Pratesi G, Petrangolini G, Coradini D, Pilotti S, Pierotti MA and Daidone MG: Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res. 65:5506–5511. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Korach KS, Couse JF, Curtis SW, Washburn TF, Lindzey J, Kimbro KS, Eddy EM, Migliaccio S, Snedeker SM, Lubahn DB, et al: Estrogen receptor gene disruption: molecular characterization and experimental and clinical phenotypes. Recent Prog Horm Res. 51:159–186; discussion 186–158. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

13 

O'Brien CS, Farnie G, Howell SJ and Clarke RB: Breast cancer stem cells and their role in resistance to endocrine therapy. Horm Cancer. 2:91–103. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Dontu G, El-Ashry D and Wicha MS: Breast cancer, stem/ progenitor cells and the estrogen receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 15:193–197. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Rizvi AZ and Wong MH: Epithelial stem cells and their niche: There's no place like home. Stem Cells. 23:150–165. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Lin H: The stem-cell niche theory: Lessons from flies. Nat Rev Genet. 3:931–940. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wu AH, Wan P, Hankin J, Tseng CC, Yu MC and Pike MC: Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis. 23:1491–1496. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Otani T, Sasazuki S, Kurahashi N, Miura T, Yamamoto S and Tsugane S; Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study group. Plasma isoflavone level and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Japanese women: A nested case-control study from the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study group. J Clin Oncol. 26:1677–1683. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Dewi FN, Wood CE, Lees CJ, Willson CJ, Register TC, Tooze JA, Franke AA and Cline JM: Dietary soy effects on mammary gland development during the pubertal transition in nonhuman primates. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 6:832–842. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Duffy C, Perez K and Partridge A: Implications of phytoestrogen intake for breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 57:260–277. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Martin PM, Horwitz KB, Ryan DS and McGuire WL: Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology. 103:1860–1867. 1978. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Potter JD, Kushi LH, Ruan Z, Gao YT and Zheng W: Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 10:483–488. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Verheus M, van Gils CH, Keinan-Boker L, Grace PB, Bingham SA and Peeters PH: Plasma phytoestrogens and subsequent breast cancer risk. J Clin Oncol. 25:648–655. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Dontu G, Abdallah WM, Foley JM, Jackson KW, Clarke MF, Kawamura MJ and Wicha MS: In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev. 17:1253–1270. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Shipitsin M, Campbell LL, Argani P, Weremowicz S, Bloushtain-Qimron N, Yao J, Nikolskaya T, Serebryiskaya T, Beroukhim R, Hu M, et al: Molecular definition of breast tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell. 11:259–273. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Korkaya H, Paulson A, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Brown M, Dutcher J, Clouthier SG and Wicha MS: Regulation of mammary stem/progenitor cells by PTEN/Akt/beta-catenin signaling. PLoS Biol. 7:e10001212009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Singh AM, Reynolds D, Cliff T, Ohtsuka S, Mattheyses AL, Sun Y, Menendez L, Kulik M and Dalton S: Signaling network crosstalk in human pluripotent cells: A Smad2/3-regulated switch that controls the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Stem Cell. 10:312–326. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Watabe T and Miyazono K: Roles of TGF-β family signaling in stem cell renewal and differentiation. Cell Res. 19:103–115. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Mukhopadhyay C, Zhao X, Maroni D, Band V and Naramura M: Distinct effects of EGFR ligands on human mammary epithelial cell differentiation. PLoS One. 8:e759072013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Chen FP and Chien MH: Phytoestrogens induce differential effects on both normal and malignant human breast cells in vitro. Climacteric. 17:682–691. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Yang H, Sun DK, Chen D, Cui QC, Gu YY, Jiang T, Chen W, Wan SB and Dou QP: Antitumor activity of novel fluoro-substituted (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate analogs. Cancer Lett. 292:48–53. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

32 

Gupta PB, Onder TT, Jiang G, Tao K, Kuperwasser C, Weinberg RA and Lander ES: Identification of selective inhibitors of cancer stem cells by high-throughput screening. Cell. 138:645–659. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hirsch HA, Iliopoulos D, Tsichlis PN and Struhl K: Metformin selectively targets cancer stem cells, and acts together with chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission. Cancer Res. 69:7507–7511. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Montales MT, Rahal OM, Kang J, Rogers TJ, Prior RL, Wu X and Simmen RC: Repression of mammosphere formation of human breast cancer cells by soy isoflavone genistein and blueberry polyphenolic acids suggests diet-mediated targeting of cancer stem-like/progenitor cells. Carcinogenesis. 33:652–660. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Clevers H: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell. 127:469–480. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Akiyama T: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 11:273–282. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Su Y and Simmen RC: Soy isoflavone genistein upregulates epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin expression and attenuates beta-catenin signaling in mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 30:331–339. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Su Y, Simmen FA, Xiao R and Simmen RC: Expression profiling of rat mammary epithelial cells reveals candidate signaling pathways in dietary protection from mammary tumors. Physiol Genomics. 30:8–16. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Fata JE, Mori H, Ewald AJ, Zhang H, Yao E, Werb Z and Bissell MJ: The MAPK(ERK-1,2) pathway integrates distinct and antagonistic signals from TGFalpha and FGF7 in morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelium. Dev Biol. 306:193–207. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Pasic L, Eisinger-Mathason TS, Velayudhan BT, Moskaluk CA, Brenin DR, Macara IG and Lannigan DA: Sustained activation of the HER1-ERK1/2-RSK signaling pathway controls myoepithelial cell fate in human mammary tissue. Genes Dev. 25:1641–1653. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Li G, Robinson GW, Lesche R, Martinez-Diaz H, Jiang Z, Rozengurt N, Wagner KU, Wu DC, Lane TF, Liu X, et al: Conditional loss of PTEN leads to precocious development and neoplasia in the mammary gland. Development. 129:4159–4170. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

42 

Chen C-C, Stairs DB, Boxer RB, Belka GK, Horseman ND, Alvarez JV and Chodosh LA: Autocrine prolactin induced by the Pten-Akt pathway is required for lactation initiation and provides a direct link between the Akt and Stat5 pathways. Genes Dev. 26:2154–2168. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Dave B, Eason RR, Till SR, Geng Y, Velarde MC, Badger TM and Simmen RC: The soy isoflavone genistein promotes apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells by inducing the tumor suppressor PTEN. Carcinogenesis. 26:1793–1803. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Rahal OM and Simmen RC: PTEN and p53 cross-regulation induced by soy isoflavone genistein promotes mammary epithelial cell cycle arrest and lobuloalveolar differentiation. Carcinogenesis. 31:1491–1500. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Fang CY, Tseng M and Daly MB: Correlates of soy food consumption in women at increased risk for breast cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 105:1552–1558. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Fillmore CM, Gupta PB, Rudnick JA, Caballero S, Keller PJ, Lander ES and Kuperwasser C: Estrogen expands breast cancer stem-like cells through paracrine FGF/Tbx3 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:21737–21742. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Joshi PA, Jackson HW, Beristain AG, Di Grappa MA, Mote PA, Clarke CL, Stingl J, Waterhouse PD and Khokha R: Progesterone induces adult mammary stem cell expansion. Nature. 465:803–807. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Ciarloni L, Mallepell S and Brisken C: Amphiregulin is an essential mediator of estrogen receptor alpha function in mammary gland development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:5455–5460. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Medina D: Mammary developmental fate and breast cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer. 12:483–495. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Harrison H, Simões BM, Rogerson L, Howell SJ, Landberg G and Clarke RB: Oestrogen increases the activity of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer stem cells through paracrine EGFR and Notch signalling. Breast Cancer Res. 15:R212013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu Y, Zou T, Wang S, Chen H, Su D, Fu X, Zhang Q and Kang X: Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism. Int J Oncol 48: 1063-1072, 2016.
APA
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X. ... Kang, X. (2016). Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3351
MLA
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X., Zhang, Q., Kang, X."Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism". International Journal of Oncology 48.3 (2016): 1063-1072.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X., Zhang, Q., Kang, X."Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 3 (2016): 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3351
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu Y, Zou T, Wang S, Chen H, Su D, Fu X, Zhang Q and Kang X: Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism. Int J Oncol 48: 1063-1072, 2016.
APA
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X. ... Kang, X. (2016). Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism. International Journal of Oncology, 48, 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3351
MLA
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X., Zhang, Q., Kang, X."Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism". International Journal of Oncology 48.3 (2016): 1063-1072.
Chicago
Liu, Y., Zou, T., Wang, S., Chen, H., Su, D., Fu, X., Zhang, Q., Kang, X."Genistein-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells through a paracrine mechanism". International Journal of Oncology 48, no. 3 (2016): 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3351
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team