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Article

Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways

  • Authors:
    • Minju Im
    • Aeyung Kim
    • Jin Yeul Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2377-2386
    |
    Published online on: October 20, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3742
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Abstract

Gardeniae Fructus (GF, Zhi Zi in China), a fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has been used in traditional medicine to reduce inflammation and headache and to treat hepatic disorders, hypertension, and icterus. In recent studies, extract of raw or stir-baked GF was shown to have pharmacological activities for viral infection, thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, convulsion, inflammation, oxidative stress, and others. In addition, baked GF extract suppressed the proteolytic activities and altered the cellular morphology of tumor cells. However, the effects of ethanol extract of baked GF (EBGF) on the metastatic and angiogenic capacities of malignant tumor cells and its detailed mechanism of action have not been reported. In this study, we found that EBGF significantly inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 and -13 and uPA expression via suppression of PMA-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65. Metastatic potential, including migration, invasion, and colonization, was substantially reduced by EBGF with no cytotoxicity. In addition, EBGF attenuated tumor-induced angiogenesis, including microvessel sprouting, migration of endothelial cells (ECs), and tube formation of ECs, by inhibiting the release of pro-angiogenic factors from tumor cells. In C57BL/6 mice, we observed that daily administration of EBGF at 50 and 100 mg/kg suppressed metastatic colonization of B16F10 melanoma cells in the lungs. Furthermore, EBGF administration did not cause adverse effects, suggesting that EBGF is safe and may be a potential herbal medicine capable of controlling metastatic malignant cancers.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Im M, Kim A and Ma JY: Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Int J Oncol 49: 2377-2386, 2016.
APA
Im, M., Kim, A., & Ma, J.Y. (2016). Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. International Journal of Oncology, 49, 2377-2386. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3742
MLA
Im, M., Kim, A., Ma, J. Y."Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways". International Journal of Oncology 49.6 (2016): 2377-2386.
Chicago
Im, M., Kim, A., Ma, J. Y."Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways". International Journal of Oncology 49, no. 6 (2016): 2377-2386. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3742
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Im M, Kim A and Ma JY: Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Int J Oncol 49: 2377-2386, 2016.
APA
Im, M., Kim, A., & Ma, J.Y. (2016). Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. International Journal of Oncology, 49, 2377-2386. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3742
MLA
Im, M., Kim, A., Ma, J. Y."Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways". International Journal of Oncology 49.6 (2016): 2377-2386.
Chicago
Im, M., Kim, A., Ma, J. Y."Ethanol extract of baked Gardeniae Fructus exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities in malignant cancer cells: Role of suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways". International Journal of Oncology 49, no. 6 (2016): 2377-2386. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2016.3742
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