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Review

Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Suneetha Amara
    • Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medicine, St. Thomas Health Mid-town Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA, Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
  • Pages: 1477-1481
    |
    Published online on: March 27, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3936
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Abstract

Chronic inflammation is known to play a critical role in cancer development and progression. High salt is known to mediate several chronic inflammatory diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, neurological ischemic attack, autoimmune diseases and cancers. High salt level is shown to induce angiogenesis and immune-dysfunction, both of which play a direct role in cancer proliferation. Furthermore, salt has been suggested to enhance Warburg-like metabolic phenotype in cancer cells and at the same time also induce pro-tumor MΦ2-macrophage phenotype. Recent studies have identified several molecular targets such as tonicity specific transcript factor NFAT5/TonEBP, sodium ion channel γENaC, and vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, which are upregulated under high salt external environment. These molecular targets offer futuristic therapeutic application in precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the salt mediated metabolic and immune dysfunctions playing a potential role in cancerous changes.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Amara S and Tiriveedhi V: Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 50: 1477-1481, 2017.
APA
Amara, S., & Tiriveedhi, V. (2017). Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 50, 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3936
MLA
Amara, S., Tiriveedhi, V."Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 50.5 (2017): 1477-1481.
Chicago
Amara, S., Tiriveedhi, V."Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 50, no. 5 (2017): 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3936
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Amara S and Tiriveedhi V: Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 50: 1477-1481, 2017.
APA
Amara, S., & Tiriveedhi, V. (2017). Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 50, 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3936
MLA
Amara, S., Tiriveedhi, V."Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 50.5 (2017): 1477-1481.
Chicago
Amara, S., Tiriveedhi, V."Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 50, no. 5 (2017): 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.3936
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