Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 55 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2019 Volume 55 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells

  • Authors:
    • Wei‑Ting Chen
    • Yi‑Kun Sun
    • Chueh‑Hsuan Lu
    • Chih‑Yu Chao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C., Biomedical and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C.
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 617-628
    |
    Published online on: July 16, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4844
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Hyperthermia (HT) has shown potential in cancer therapy. In particular, it appears to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, a major concern associated with HT is that the thermal dosage applied to the tumor cells may also harm the normal tissue cells. Besides, the drugs used in HT are conventional chemotherapy drugs, which may cause serious side effects. The present study demonstrated a novel methodology in HT therapy called thermal cycle (TC)‑HT. With this strategy, a therapeutic window with a maximum synergistic effect was created by combining TC‑HT with natural compounds, with minimal unwanted cell damage. The natural compound propolis was selected, and the synergistic anticancer effect of TC‑HT and propolis was investigated in pancreatic cancer cells. The present results demonstrated for the first time that TC‑HT could enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cancer cells through the mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest. Combined treatment greatly suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential, which is an important indicator of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Furthermore, the cell cycle‑regulating protein cell division cycle protein 2 was downregulated upon combined treatment, which prevented cellular progression into mitosis. The present study offers the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on the combination of TC‑HT with a natural compound for pancreatic cancer treatment. It is anticipated that this methodology may be a starting point for more sophisticated cancer treatments and may thereby improve the quality of life of many patients with cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

van den Tempel N, Horsman MR and Kanaar R: Improving efficacy of hyperthermia in oncology by exploiting biological mechanisms. Int J Hyperthermia. 32:446–454. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Mantso T, Goussetis G, Franco R, Botaitis S, Pappa A and Panayiotidis M: Effects of hyperthermia as a mitigation strategy in DNA damage-based cancer therapies. Semin Cancer Biol. 37-38:96–105. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chu KF and Dupuy DE: Thermal ablation of tumours: Biological mechanisms and advances in therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 14:199–208. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Paulson JR, Kresch AK and Mesner PW: Moderate hyperthermia induces apoptosis in metaphase-arrested cells but not in interphase Hela cells. Adv Biol Chem. 6:126–139. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Lim CU, Zhang Y and Fox MH: Cell cycle dependent apoptosis and cell cycle blocks induced by hyperthermia in HL-60 cells. Int J Hyperthermia. 22:77–91. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Bhowmick S, Coad JE, Swanlund DJ and Bischof JC: In vitro thermal therapy of AT-1 Dunning prostate tumours. Int J Hyperthermia. 20:73–92. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Sminia P, van der Zee J, Wondergem J and Haveman J: Effect of hyperthermia on the central nervous system: A review. Int J Hyperthermia. 10:1–30. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Schaaf L, Schwab M, Ulmer C, Heine S, Mürdter TE, Schmid JO, Sauer G, Aulitzky WE and van der Kuip H: Hyperthermia synergizes with chemotherapy by inhibiting PARP1-dependent DNA replication arrest. Cancer Res. 76:2868–2875. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Miyamoto R, Oda T, Hashimoto S, Kurokawa T, Inagaki Y, Shimomura O, Ohara Y, Yamada K, Akashi Y, Enomoto T, et al: Cetuximab delivery and antitumor effects are enhanced by mild hyperthermia in a xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 107:514–520. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Man J, Shoemake JD, Ma T, Rizzo AE, Godley AR, Wu Q, Mohammadi AM, Bao S, Rich JN and Yu JS: Hyperthermia sensitizes glioma stem-like cells to radiation by inhibiting AKT signaling. Cancer Res. 75:1760–1769. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Schaaf L, van der Kuip H, Zopf W, Winter S, Münch M, Mürdter TE, Thon KP, Steurer W, Aulitzky WE and Ulmer C: A temperature of 40°C appears to be a critical threshold for potentiating cytotoxic chemotherapy in vitro and in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients undergoing HIPEC. Ann Surg Oncol. 22(Suppl 3): S758–S765. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Krawczyk PM, Eppink B, Essers J, Stap J, Rodermond H, Odijk H, Zelensky A, van Bree C, Stalpers LJ, Buist MR, et al: Mild hyperthermia inhibits homologous recombination, induces BRCA2 degradation, and sensitizes cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:9851–9856. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Dewey WC: Arrhenius relationships from the molecule and cell to the clinic. Int J Hyperthermia. 10:457–483. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ishiai S, Tahara W, Yamamoto E, Yamamoto R and Nagai K: Histone deacetylase inhibitory effect of Brazilian propolis and its association with the antitumor effect in Neuro2a cells. Food Sci Nutr. 2:565–570. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Taira N, Nguyen BCQ, Be Tu PT and Tawata S: Effect of Okinawa propolis on PAK1 activity, Caenorhabditis elegans longevity, melanogenesis, and growth of cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 64:5484–5489. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Huang S, Zhang C-P, Wang K, Li GQ and Hu F-L: Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules. 19:19610–19632. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Seydi E, Hosseini SA, Salimi A and Pourahmad J: Propolis induce cytotoxicity on cancerous hepatocytes isolated from rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma: Involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial targeting. Pharma Nutrition. 4:143–150. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Seda Vatansever H, Sorkun K, Ismet Deliloğlu Gurhan S, Ozdal-Kurt F, Turkoz E, Gencay O and Salih B: Propolis from Turkey induces apoptosis through activating caspases in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Acta Histochem. 112:546–556. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Kouidhi B, Zmantar T and Bakhrouf A: Anti-cariogenic and anti-biofilms activity of Tunisian propolis extract and its potential protective effect against cancer cells proliferation. Anaerobe. 16:566–571. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Frión-Herrera Y, Díaz-García A, Ruiz-Fuentes J, Rodríguez-Sánchez H and Sforcin JM: Brazilian green propolis induced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells through mitochondrial-mediated pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol. 67:1448–1456. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Demir S, Aliyazicioglu Y, Turan I, Misir S, Mentese A, Yaman SO, Akbulut K, Kilinc K and Deger O: Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Turkish propolis on human lung cancer cell line. Nutr Cancer. 68:165–172. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Guzmán C, Bagga M, Kaur A, Westermarck J and Abankwa D: ColonyArea: An ImageJ plugin to automatically quantify colony formation in clonogenic assays. PLoS One. 9:e924442014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Korchak HM, Rich AM, Wilkenfeld C, Rutherford LE and Weissmann G: A carbocyanine dye, DiOC6(3), acts as a mitochondrial probe in human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 108:1495–1501. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Suzuki K, Bose P, Leong-Quong RY, Fujita DJ and Riabowol K: REAP: A two minute cell fractionation method. BMC Res Notes. 3:294. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Vaity C, Al-Subaie N and Cecconi M: Cooling techniques for targeted temperature management post-cardiac arrest. Crit Care. 19:1032015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Cai J, Yang J and Jones D: Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: The role of cytochrome c. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Bioenergetics. 1366:139–149. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Park M, Chae H-D, Yun J, Jung M, Kim YS, Kim SH, Han MH and Shin DY: Constitutive activation of cyclin B1-associated cdc2 kinase overrides p53-mediated G2-M arrest. Cancer Res. 60:542–545. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kampinga HH: Cell biological effects of hyperthermia alone or combined with radiation or drugs: A short introduction to newcomers in the field. Int J Hyperthermia. 22:191–196. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hu X, Akutsu Y, Suganami A, Qin W, Hanari N, Murakam K, Kano M, Usui A, Suito H, Takahashi M, et al: Low-dose hyperthermia enhances the antitumor effects of chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. 30:1–7. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Christophi C, Winkworth A, Muralihdaran V and Evans P: The treatment of malignancy by hyperthermia. Surg Oncol. 7:83–90. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Dewey WC: Arrhenius relationships from the molecule and cell to the clinic. Int J Hyperthermia. 25:3–20. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Overgaard K and Overgaard J: Investigations on the possibility of a thermic tumour therapy. I. Short-wave treatment of a transplanted isologous mouse mammary carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 8:65–78. 1972. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Dewey WC, Hopwood LE, Sapareto SA and Gerweck LE: Cellular responses to combinations of hyperthermia and radiation. Radiology. 123:463–474. 1977. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ishikawa T, Kokura S, Sakamoto N, Ando T, Imamoto E, Hattori T, Oyamada H, Yoshinami N, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa K, et al: Phase II trial of combined regional hyperthermia and gemcitabine for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Int J Hyperthermia. 28:597–604. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ishii H, Okada S, Tokuuye K, Nose H, Okusaka T, Yoshimori M, Nagahama H, Sumi M, Kagami Y and Ikeda H: Protracted 5-fluorouracil infusion with concurrent radiotherapy as a treatment for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer. 79:1516–1520. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Robins HI, Cohen JD, Schmitt CL, Tutsch KD, Feierabend C, Arzoomanian RZ, Alberti D, d'Oleire F, Longo W and Heiss C: Phase I clinical trial of carboplatin and 41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 11:1787–1794. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Stephens AD, Alderman R, Chang D, Edwards GD, Esquivel J, Sebbag G, Steves MA and Sugarbaker PH: Morbidity and mortality analysis of 200 treatments with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy using the coliseum technique. Ann Surg Oncol. 6:790–796. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Adachi S, Kokura S, Okayama T, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Handa O, Naito Y and Yoshikawa T: Effect of hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine on apoptotic cell death in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Int J Hyperthermia. 25:210–219. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Basel MT, Balivada S, Wang H, Shrestha TB, Seo GM, Pyle M, Abayaweera G, Dani R, Koper OB, Tamura M, et al: Cell-delivered magnetic nanoparticles caused hyperthermia-mediated increased survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Int J Nanomedicine. 7:297–306. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Wang L, Dong J, Ouyang W, Wang X and Tang J: Anticancer effect and feasibility study of hyperthermia treatment of pancreatic cancer using magnetic nanoparticles. Oncol Rep. 27:719–726. 2012.

41 

Partanen A, Tillander M, Yarmolenko PS, Wood BJ, Dreher MR and Köhler MO: Reduction of peak acoustic pressure and shaping of heated region by use of multifoci sonications in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound mediated mild hyperthermia. Med Phys. 40:0133012013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Frazier N, Payne A, de Bever J, Dillon C, Panda A, Subrahmanyam N and Ghandehari H: High intensity focused ultrasound hyperthermia for enhanced macromolecular delivery. J Control Release. 241:186–193. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Partanen A, Yarmolenko PS, Viitala A, Appanaboyina S, Haemmerich D, Ranjan A, Jacobs G, Woods D, Enholm J, Wood BJ, et al: Mild hyperthermia with magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound for applications in drug delivery. Int J Hyperthermia. 28:320–336. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen WT, Sun YK, Lu CH and Chao CY: Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells. Int J Oncol 55: 617-628, 2019.
APA
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., & Chao, C. (2019). Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 617-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4844
MLA
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., Chao, C."Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells". International Journal of Oncology 55.3 (2019): 617-628.
Chicago
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., Chao, C."Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 3 (2019): 617-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4844
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen WT, Sun YK, Lu CH and Chao CY: Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells. Int J Oncol 55: 617-628, 2019.
APA
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., & Chao, C. (2019). Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells. International Journal of Oncology, 55, 617-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4844
MLA
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., Chao, C."Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells". International Journal of Oncology 55.3 (2019): 617-628.
Chicago
Chen, W., Sun, Y., Lu, C., Chao, C."Thermal cycling as a novel thermal therapy to synergistically enhance the anticancer effect of propolis on PANC‑1 cells". International Journal of Oncology 55, no. 3 (2019): 617-628. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4844
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team