Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 56 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2020 Volume 56 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression

  • Authors:
    • Pia Kronschnabl
    • Arnold Grünweller
    • Roland K. Hartmann
    • Achim Aigner
    • Ulrike Weirauch
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Rudolf‑Boehm‑Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D‑04107 Leipzig, Germany, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps‑University Marburg, D‑35037 Marburg, Germany
    Copyright: © Kronschnabl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Pages: 448-459
    |
    Published online on: December 10, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4936
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Thus, novel treatment strategies are urgently required. While the oncogenic kinase, proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 2 (PIM2), has been shown to be overexpressed in liver cancer, little is known about the role of PIM2 in this tumor entity. In this study, we explored the functional relevance and therapeutic potential of PIM2 in liver cancer. Using PIM2‑specific siRNAs, we examined the effects of PIM2 knockdown on proliferation (WST‑1 assays and spheroid assays), 3D‑colony formation and colony spread, apoptosis (flow cytometry and caspase 3/caspase 7 activity), as well as cell cycle progression (flow cytometry, RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis) in the two liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and Huh‑7. In subcutaneous liver cancer xenografts, we assessed the effects of PIM2 knockdown on tumor growth via the systemic delivery of polyethylenimine (PEI)‑complexed siRNA. The knockdown of PIM2 resulted in potent anti‑proliferative effects in cells grown on plastic dishes, as well as in spheroids. This was due to G0/G1 cell cycle blockade and the subsequent downregulation of genes related to the S phase as well as the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, whereas the apoptotic rates remained unaltered. Furthermore, colony formation and colony spread were markedly inhibited by PIM2 knockdown. Notably, we found that HepG2 cells were more sensitive to PIM2 knockdown than the Huh‑7 cells. In vivo, the therapeutic nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of PIM2 siRNA led to profound anti‑tumor effects in a liver cancer xenograft mouse model. On the whole, the findings of this study underscore the oncogenic role of PIM2 and emphasize the potential of targeted therapies based on the specific inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:7–30. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Mondello P, Cuzzocrea S and Mian M: Pim kinases in hematological malignancies: Where are we now and where are we going? J Hematol Oncol. 7:952014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Warfel NA and Kraft AS: PIM kinase (and Akt) biology and signaling in tumors. Pharmacol Ther. 151:41–49. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C and Carnero A: The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases in cancer. Med Res Rev. 34:136–159. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li X and Magnuson NS: Pim kinase-dependent inhibition of c-Myc degradation. Oncogene. 27:4809–4819. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Nair JR, Caserta J, Belko K, Howell T, Fetterly G, Baldino C and Lee KP: Novel inhibition of PIM2 kinase has significant anti-tumor efficacy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 31:1715–1726. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

8 

Grundler R, Brault L, Gasser C, Bullock AN, Dechow T, Woetzel S, Pogacic V, Villa A, Ehret S, Berridge G, et al: Dissection of PIM serine/threonine kinases in FLT3-ITD-induced leukemogenesis reveals PIM1 as regulator of CXCL12-CXCR4-mediated homing and migration. J Exp Med. 206:1957–1970. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Adam M, Pogacic V, Bendit M, Chappuis R, Nawijn MC, Duyster J, Fox CJ, Thompson CB, Cools J and Schwaller J: Targeting PIM kinases impairs survival of hematopoietic cells transformed by kinase inhibitor-sensitive and kinase inhibitor-resistant forms of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 and BCR/ABL. Cancer Res. 66:3828–3835. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Brault L, Gasser C, Bracher F, Huber K, Knapp S and Schwaller J: PIM serine/threonine kinases in the pathogenesis and therapy of hematologic malignancies and solid cancers. Haematologica. 95:1004–1015. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Keane NA, Reidy M, Natoni A, Raab MS and O’Dwyer M: Targeting the pim kinases in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J. 5:e3252015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

van der Lugt NM, Domen J, Verhoeven E, Verhoeven E, Linders K, van der Gulden H, Allen J and Berns A: Proviral tagging in E mu-myc transgenic mice lacking the Pim-1 proto-oncogene leads to compensatory activation of Pim-2. EMBO J. 14:2536–2544. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Allen JD, Verhoeven E, Domen J, van der Valk M and Berns A: Pim-2 transgene induces lymphoid tumors, exhibiting potent synergy with c-myc. Oncogene. 15:1133–1141. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Hammerman PS, Fox CJ, Cinalli RM, Xu A, Wagner JD, Lindsten T and Thompson CB: Lymphocyte transformation by Pim-2 is dependent on nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Cancer Res. 64:8341–8348. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Lu J, Zavorotinskaya T, Dai Y, Niu XH, Castillo J, Sim J, Yu J, Wang Y, Langowski JL, Holash J, et al: Pim2 is required for maintaining multiple myeloma cell growth through modulating TSC2 phosphorylation. Blood. 122:1610–1620. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Asano J, Nakano A, Oda A, Amou H, Hiasa M, Takeuchi K, Miki H, Nakamura S, Harada T, Fujii S, et al: The serine/threo-nine kinase Pim-2 is a novel anti-apoptotic mediator in myeloma cells. Leukemia. 25:1182–1188. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Jimenez-Garcia MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Robles-Frias MJ, Ferrer I, Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C and Carnero A: Inflammation and stem markers association to PIM1/PIM2 kinase-induced tumors in breast and uterus. Oncotarget. 8:58872–58886. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Wang Z, Zhang Y, Gu JJ, Davitt C, Reeves R and Magnuson NS: Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21(Cip1/WAF1) enhances its stability and inhibits cell proliferation in HCT116 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 42:1030–1038. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Morishita D, Katayama R, Sekimizu K, Tsuruo T and Fujita N: Pim kinases promote cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and down-regulating p27Kip1 at the transcriptional and posttran-scriptional levels. Cancer Res. 68:5076–5085. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Yan B, Zemskova M, Holder S, Chin V, Kraft A, Koskinen PJ and Lilly M: The PIM-2 kinase phosphorylates BAD on serine 112 and reverses BAD-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 278:45358–45367. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Fox CJ, Hammerman PS, Cinalli RM, Master SR, Chodosh LA and Thompson CB: The serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 is a transcriptionally regulated apoptotic inhibitor. Genes Dev. 17:1841–1854. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hospital MA, Jacquel A, Mazed F, Saland E, Larrue C, Mondesir J, Birsen R, Green AS, Lambert M, Sujobert P, et al: RSK2 is a new Pim2 target with pro-survival functions in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 32:597–605. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Ramachandran J, Santo L, Siu KT, Panaroni C and Raje N: Pim2 is important for regulating DNA damage response in multiple myeloma cells. Blood Cancer J. 6:e4622016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yang T, Ren C, Qiao P, Han X, Wang L, Lv S, Sun Y, Liu Z, Du Y and Yu Z: PIM2-mediated phosphorylation of hexokinase 2 is critical for tumor growth and paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene. 37:5997–6009. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Musiani D, Hammond DE, Cirillo L, Erriquez J, Olivero M, Clague MJ and Di Renzo MF: PIM2 kinase is induced by cispl-atin in ovarian cancer cells and limits drug efficacy. J Proteome Res. 13:4970–4982. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Uddin N, Kim RK, Yoo KC, Kim YH, Cui YH, Kim IG, Suh Y and Lee SJ: Persistent activation of STAT3 by PIM2-driven positive feedback loop for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Cancer Sci. 106:718–725. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Cecilia Y, Peregrina S, Garcia-Serelde B, Muñoz-Galvan S, Cañamero M and Carnero A: The essential role of PIM kinases in sarcoma growth and bone invasion. Carcinogenesis. 33:1479–1486. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Chen J and Yang X: The role of Pim-2 in apoptotic signal transduction pathway of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Surg J. 4:13802017. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Ren K, Zhang W, Shi Y and Gong J: Pim-2 activates API-5 to inhibit the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through NF-kappaB pathway. Pathol Oncol Res. 16:229–237. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Gong J, Wang J, Ren K, Liu C, Li B and Shi Y: Serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 promotes liver tumorigenesis induction through mediating survival and preventing apoptosis of liver cell. J Surg Res. 153:17–22. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Ren K, Duan W, Shi Y, Li B, Liu Z and Gong J: Ectopic overexpression of oncogene Pim-2 induce malignant transformation of nontumorous human liver cell line L02. J Korean Med Sci. 25:1017–1023. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Hobel S, Koburger I, John M, Czubayko F, Hadwiger P, Vornlocher HP and Aigner A: Polyethylenimine/small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo exerts anti-tumor effects synergistically with Bevacizumab. J Gene Med. 12:287–300. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liu Z, Liu H, Yuan X, Wang Y, Li L, Wang G, Song J, Shao Z and Fu R: Downregulation of Pim-2 induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase via the p53-non-dependent p21 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett. 15:4079–4086. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yew TL, Chiu FY, Tsai CC, Chen HL, Lee WP, Chen YJ, Chang MC and Hung SC: Knockdown of p21(Cip1/Waf1) enhances proliferation, the expression of stemness markers, and osteogenic potential in human mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell. 10:349–361. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Nawijn MC, Alendar A and Berns A: For better or for worse: The role of Pim oncogenes in tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:23–34. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Levy D, Davidovich A, Zirkin S, Frug Y, Cohen AM, Shalom S and Don J: Activation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the proto-oncogene Pim-2. PLoS One. 7:e347362012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Adam K, Cartel M, Lambert M, David L, Yuan L, Besson A, Mayeux P, Manenti S and Didier C: A PIM-CHK1 signaling pathway regulates PLK1 phosphorylation and function during mitosis. J Cell Sci. 131:pii: jcs213116. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kreuz S, Holmes KB, Tooze RM and Lefevre PF: Loss of PIM2 enhances the anti-proliferative effect of the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mol Cancer. 14:2052015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Pellegrino R, Calvisi DF, Ladu S, Ehemann V, Staniscia T, Evert M, Dombrowski F, Schirmacher P and Longerich T: Oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of polo-like kinases in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 51:857–868. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Liu Z, Sun Q and Wang X: PLK1, A potential target for cancer therapy. Transl Oncol. 10:22–32. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Waisberg J and Saba GT: Wnt-/-β-catenin pathway signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol. 7:2631–2635. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Vilchez V, Turcios L, Marti F and Gedaly R: Targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 22:823–832. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

de La Coste A, Romagnolo B, Billuart P, Renard CA, Buendia MA, Soubrane O, Fabre M, Chelly J, Beldjord C, Kahn A and Perret C: Somatic mutations of the beta-catenin gene are frequent in mouse and human hepatocellular carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:8847–8851. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Ding Z, Shi C, Jiang L, Tolstykh T, Cao H, Bangari DS, Ryan S, Levit M, Jin T, Mamaat K, et al: Oncogenic dependency on β-catenin in liver cancer cell lines correlates with pathway activation. Oncotarget. 8:114526–114539. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Schmucker S and Sumara I: Molecular dynamics of PLK1 during mitosis. Mol Cell Oncol. 1:e9545072014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Katyal S, Oliver JH III, Peterson MS, Ferris JV, Carr BS and Baron RL: Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology. 216:698–703. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Weirauch U, Beckmann N, Thomas M, Grünweller A, Huber K, Bracher F, Hartmann RK and Aigner A: Functional role and therapeutic potential of the pim-1 kinase in colon carcinoma. Neoplasia. 15:783–794. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Kamran MZ, Patil P and Gude RP: Role of STAT3 in cancer metastasis and translational advances. Biomed Res Int. 2013:4218212013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Ibrahim AF, Weirauch U, Thomas M, Grunweller A, Hartmann RK and Aigner A: MicroRNA replacement therapy for miR-145 and miR-33a is efficacious in a model of colon carcinoma. Cancer Res. 71:5214–5224. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Hobel S and Aigner A: Polyethylenimines for siRNA and miRNA delivery in vivo. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 5:484–501. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Wood H: FDA approves patisiran to treat hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 14:5702018.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kronschnabl P, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Aigner A and Weirauch U: Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression. Int J Oncol 56: 448-459, 2020.
APA
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R.K., Aigner, A., & Weirauch, U. (2020). Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression. International Journal of Oncology, 56, 448-459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4936
MLA
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R. K., Aigner, A., Weirauch, U."Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression". International Journal of Oncology 56.2 (2020): 448-459.
Chicago
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R. K., Aigner, A., Weirauch, U."Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression". International Journal of Oncology 56, no. 2 (2020): 448-459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4936
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kronschnabl P, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Aigner A and Weirauch U: Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression. Int J Oncol 56: 448-459, 2020.
APA
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R.K., Aigner, A., & Weirauch, U. (2020). Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression. International Journal of Oncology, 56, 448-459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4936
MLA
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R. K., Aigner, A., Weirauch, U."Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression". International Journal of Oncology 56.2 (2020): 448-459.
Chicago
Kronschnabl, P., Grünweller, A., Hartmann, R. K., Aigner, A., Weirauch, U."Inhibition of PIM2 in liver cancer decreases tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo primarily through the modulation of cell cycle progression". International Journal of Oncology 56, no. 2 (2020): 448-459. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4936
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team