Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
April-2020 Volume 56 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2020 Volume 56 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells

  • Authors:
    • Ayah E. Ahmad
    • Maitham A. Khajah
    • Sarah Khushaish
    • Yunus A. Luqmani
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
  • Pages: 1014-1024
    |
    Published online on: February 5, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4976
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Estrogen receptor (ER)‑silenced breast cancer cell lines exhibit endocrine resistance and morphological changes from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. These cells also display increased motility and invasive properties that are further accentuated by exposure to an alkaline pH, exhibiting dynamic plasma membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic streaming. These latter morphological changes are hypothesized to involve substantial water movement across the plasma membrane, contributing to bleb formation; this may involve aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs). AQP 1, 3, 4 and 5 expression/localization was examined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy in endocrine‑sensitive (YS1.2) and ‑resistant (pII and MDA‑MB‑231) breast cancer cells, as well as normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). The effects of osmotic changes on bleb formation were examined via live cell imaging. AQP3 protein expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and the effect of its reduced expression on bleb formation, cell motility and invasion were determined via immunofluorescence, scratch and Cultrex assays, respectively. Expression of the four AQPs varied across the different cell lines, and exhibited nuclear, cytoplasmic and membranous localization. Osmotic changes affected the formation of blebs. In pII cells exposed to alkaline pH, AQP3 was observed to be redistributed from the nucleus into the newly formed blebs. siRNA‑mediated knockdown of AQP3 in pII cells significantly reduced cellular blebbing induced by alkaline pH, as well as motility and invasion. These data suggested that AQP3, and potentially other aquaporins, may participate in the processes leading to blebbing of endocrine‑resistant cells which is proposed to be a mechanism that drives tumor metastasis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Servick K: Breast cancer: Breast cancer: A world of differences. Science. 343:1452–1453. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, et al: Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA. 295:2492–2502. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Higgins MJ and Baselga J: Targeted therapies for breast cancer. J Clin Invest. 121:3797–3803. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Perou CM, Sørlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, et al: Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 406:747–752. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, et al: Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:10869–10874. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wang Y and Zhou BP: Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition - A Hallmark of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Hallm. 1:38–49. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Al Saleh S, Al Mulla F and Luqmani YA: Estrogen receptor silencing induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 6:e206102011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Lamouille S, Xu J and Derynck R: Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:178–196. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Al Saleh S, Sharaf LH and Luqmani YA: Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review). Int J Oncol. 38:1197–1217. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Luqmani YA, Al Azmi A, Al Bader M, Abraham G and El Zawahri M: Modification of gene expression induced by siRNA targeting of estrogen receptor alpha in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 34:231–242. 2009.

12 

Khajah MA, Al Saleh S, Mathew PM and Luqmani YA: Differential effect of growth factors on invasion and proliferation of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 7:e418472012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Khajah MA, Almohri I, Mathew PM and Luqmani YA: Extracellular alkaline pH leads to increased metastatic potential of estrogen receptor silenced endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:e763272013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Khajah MA, Mathew PM, Alam-Eldin NS and Luqmani YA: Bleb formation is induced by alkaline but not acidic pH in estrogen receptor silenced breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 46:1685–1698. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Khajah MA and Luqmani YA: Involvement of Membrane Blebbing in Immunological Disorders and Cancer. Medical principles and practice: International journal of the Kuwait University. Health Sci Cent. 25(Suppl 2): 18–27. 2016.

16 

Shi Z, Zhang T, Luo L, Zhao H, Cheng J, Xiang J and Zhao C: Aquaporins in human breast cancer: Identification and involvement in carcinogenesis of breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 106:267–272. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Kasa P, Farran B, Prasad GLV and Nagaraju GP: Aquaporins in female specific cancers. Gene. 700:60–64. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

López-Campos JL, Sánchez Silva R, Gómez Izquierdo L, Márquez E, Ortega Ruiz F, Cejudo P, Barrot Cortés E, Toledo Aral JJ and Echevarría M: Overexpression of Aquaporin-1 in lung adenocarcinomas and pleural mesotheliomas. Histol Histopathol. 26:451–459. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yoshida T, Hojo S, Sekine S, Sawada S, Okumura T, Nagata T, Shimada Y and Tsukada K: Expression of aquaporin-1 is a poor prognostic factor for stage II and III colon cancer. Mol Clin Oncol. 1:953–958. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

El Hindy N, Bankfalvi A, Herring A, Adamzik M, Lambertz N, Zhu Y, Siffert W, Sure U and Sandalcioglu IE: Correlation of aquaporin-1 water channel protein expression with tumor angiogenesis in human astrocytoma. Anticancer Res. 33:609–613. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Guo X, Sun T, Yang M, Li Z, Li Z and Gao Y: Prognostic value of combined aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 5 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma. BioMed Res Int. 2013:2065252013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Otterbach F, Callies R, Adamzik M, Kimmig R, Siffert W, Schmid KW and Bankfalvi A: Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression is a novel characteristic feature of a particularly aggressive subgroup of basal-like breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 120:67–76. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Qin F, Zhang H, Shao Y, Liu X, Yang L, Huang Y, Fu L, Gu F and Ma Y: Expression of aquaporin1, a water channel protein, in cytoplasm is negatively correlated with prognosis of breast cancer patients. Oncotarget. 7:8143–8154. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Esteva-Font C, Jin BJ and Verkman AS: Aquaporin-1 gene deletion reduces breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in tumor-producing MMTV-PyVT mice. FASEB J. 28:1446–1453. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

25 

Kang S, Chae YS, Lee SJ, Kang BW, Kim JG, Kim WW, Jung JH, Park HY, Jeong JH, Jeong JY, et al: Aquaporin 3 Expression Predicts Survival in Patients with HER2-positive Early Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res. 35:2775–2782. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Huang YT, Zhou J, Shi S, Xu HY, Qu F, Zhang D, Chen YD, Yang J, Huang HF and Sheng JZ: Identification of Estrogen Response Element in Aquaporin-3 Gene that Mediates Estrogen-induced Cell Migration and Invasion in Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer. Sci Rep. 5:124842015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Cao C, Sun Y, Healey S, Bi Z, Hu G, Wan S, Kouttab N, Chu W and Wan Y: EGFR-mediated expression of aquaporin-3 is involved in human skin fibroblast migration. Biochem J. 400:225–234. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Cao XC, Zhang WR, Cao WF, Liu BW, Zhang F, Zhao HM, Meng R, Zhang L, Niu RF, Hao XS, et al: Aquaporin3 is required for FGF-2-induced migration of human breast cancers. PLoS One. 8:e567352013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li YB, Sun SR and Han XH: Down-regulation of AQP4 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Human Breast Cancer Cells. Folia Biol (Praha). 62:131–137. 2016.

30 

Lee SJ, Chae YS, Kim JG, Kim WW, Jung JH, Park HY, Jeong JY, Park JY, Jung HJ and Kwon TH: AQP5 expression predicts survival in patients with early breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 21:375–383. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Jung HJ, Park JY, Jeon HS and Kwon TH: Aquaporin-5: A marker protein for proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 6:e284922011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Hara-Chikuma M and Verkman AS: Aquaporin-3 facilitates epidermal cell migration and proliferation during wound healing. J Mol Med (Berl). 86:221–231. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Luo L, Yang R, Zhao S, Chen Y, Hong S, Wang K, Wang T, Cheng J, Zhang T and Chen D: Decreased miR-320 expression is associated with breast cancer progression, cell migration, and invasiveness via targeting Aquaporin 1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 50:473–480. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Zhu Z, Jiao L, Li T, Wang H, Wei W and Qian H: Expression of AQP3 and AQP5 as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 16:2661–2667. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Khajah MA and Luqmani YA: Involvement of Membrane Blebbing in Immunological Disorders and Cancer. Med Princ Pract. 25(Suppl 2): 18–27. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Monzani E, Bazzotti R, Perego C and La Porta CA: AQP1 is not only a water channel: It contributes to cell migration through Lin7/beta-catenin. PLoS One. 4:e61672009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Schwab A: Function and spatial distribution of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 280:F739–F747. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hu J and Verkman AS: Increased migration and metastatic potential of tumor cells expressing aquaporin water channels. FASEB J. 20:1892–1894. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Khajah MA, Mathew PM and Luqmani YA: Na+/K+ ATPase activity promotes invasion of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 13:e01937792018. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Chen J, Wang T, Zhou YC, Gao F, Zhang ZH, Xu H, Wang SL and Shen LZ: Aquaporin 3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 33:382014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Li A, Lu D, Zhang Y, Li J, Fang Y, Li F and Sun J: Critical role of aquaporin-3 in epidermal growth factor-induced migration of colorectal carcinoma cells and its clinical significance. Oncol Rep. 29:535–540. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Liu S, Zhang S, Jiang H, Yang Y and Jiang Y: Co-expression of AQP3 and AQP5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis. Med Oncol. 30:6362013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Arif M, Kitchen P, Conner MT, Hill EJ, Nagel D, Bill RM, Dunmore SJ, Armesilla AL, Gross S, Carmichael AR, et al: Downregulation of aquaporin 3 inhibits cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Oncol Lett. 16:713–720. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ahmad AE, Khajah MA, Khushaish S and Luqmani YA: Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells. Int J Oncol 56: 1014-1024, 2020.
APA
Ahmad, A.E., Khajah, M.A., Khushaish, S., & Luqmani, Y.A. (2020). Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells. International Journal of Oncology, 56, 1014-1024. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4976
MLA
Ahmad, A. E., Khajah, M. A., Khushaish, S., Luqmani, Y. A."Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells". International Journal of Oncology 56.4 (2020): 1014-1024.
Chicago
Ahmad, A. E., Khajah, M. A., Khushaish, S., Luqmani, Y. A."Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells". International Journal of Oncology 56, no. 4 (2020): 1014-1024. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4976
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ahmad AE, Khajah MA, Khushaish S and Luqmani YA: Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells. Int J Oncol 56: 1014-1024, 2020.
APA
Ahmad, A.E., Khajah, M.A., Khushaish, S., & Luqmani, Y.A. (2020). Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells. International Journal of Oncology, 56, 1014-1024. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4976
MLA
Ahmad, A. E., Khajah, M. A., Khushaish, S., Luqmani, Y. A."Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells". International Journal of Oncology 56.4 (2020): 1014-1024.
Chicago
Ahmad, A. E., Khajah, M. A., Khushaish, S., Luqmani, Y. A."Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells". International Journal of Oncology 56, no. 4 (2020): 1014-1024. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4976
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team