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International Journal of Oncology
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Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
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Review

Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yu‑Xue Gao
    • Tong‑Wang Yang
    • Ji‑Ming Yin
    • Peng‑Xiang Yang
    • Bu‑Xin Kou
    • Meng‑Yin Chai
    • Xiao‑Ni Liu
    • De‑Xi Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
  • Pages: 54-66
    |
    Published online on: April 1, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
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Abstract

Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‑CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance‑associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN and Chen DX: Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 57: 54-66, 2020.
APA
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M. ... Chen, D. (2020). Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 57, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
MLA
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M., Liu, X., Chen, D."Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57.1 (2020): 54-66.
Chicago
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M., Liu, X., Chen, D."Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 1 (2020): 54-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gao YX, Yang TW, Yin JM, Yang PX, Kou BX, Chai MY, Liu XN and Chen DX: Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 57: 54-66, 2020.
APA
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M. ... Chen, D. (2020). Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 57, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
MLA
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M., Liu, X., Chen, D."Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57.1 (2020): 54-66.
Chicago
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yin, J., Yang, P., Kou, B., Chai, M., Liu, X., Chen, D."Progress and prospects of biomarkers in primary liver cancer (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 1 (2020): 54-66. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
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