Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 57 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 57 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer

  • Authors:
    • Lu Xia
    • Hakim Bouamar
    • Xiang Gu
    • Carla Zeballos
    • Tai Qin
    • Bingzhi Wang
    • You Zhou
    • Yuhui Wang
    • Junhua Yang
    • Haiyan Zhu
    • Weishe Zhang
    • Peter J. Houghton
    • Lu‑Zhe Sun
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China, Greehey Children Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
    Copyright: © Xia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 100-112
    |
    Published online on: April 13, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5044
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Glioma‑associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (Gli2), a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, has been previously demonstrated to promote the malignant properties of prostate cancer in vitro. However, the role of Gli2 in the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, Gli2 expression was knocked down in androgen‑responsive prostate cancer cells using an inducible Gli2 short hairpin RNA. Suppression of Gli2 expression resulted in significant reduction of cell viability, increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and reduced the expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression. Gli2 knockdown sensitized both androgen‑dependent and ‑independent prostate cancer cells to the antiandrogen drug Casodex and prevented the outgrowth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In addition, Gli2 knockdown significantly suppressed the development of CRPC in a LNCaP xenograft mouse model, which was reversed by the re‑expression of Gli2. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first occasion in which the essential role of Gli2 in the development of CRPC was demonstrated, providing a potential therapeutic target for the intervention of CRPC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer Statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 67:7–30. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Culig Z and Bartsch G: Androgen axis in prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem. 99:373–381. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

McConnell JD: Physiologic basis of endocrine therapy for prostatic cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 18:1–13. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lu J, Van der Steen T and Tindall DJ: Are androgen receptor variants a substitute for the full-length receptor? Nat Rev Urol. 12:137–144. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ding Q, Motoyama J, Gasca S, Mo R, Sasaki H, Rossant J and Hui CC: Diminished Sonic hedgehog signaling and lack of floor plate differentiation in Gli2 mutant mice. Development. 125:2533–2543. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Motoyama J, Liu J, Mo R, Ding Q, Post M and Hui CC: Essential function of Gli2 and Gli3 in the formation of lung, trachea and oesophagus. Nat Genet. 20:54–57. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ingham PW and McMahon AP: Hedgehog signaling in animal development: Paradigms and principles. Genes Dev. 15:3059–3087. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Marigo V, Roberts DJ, Lee SM, Tsukurov O, Levi T, Gastier JM, Epstein DJ, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Seidman CE, et al: Cloning, expression, and chromosomal location of SHH and IHH: Two human homologues of the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog. Genomics. 28:44–51. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Bitgood MJ, Shen L and McMahon AP: Sertoli cell signaling by Desert hedgehog regulates the male germline. Curr Biol. 6:298–304. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Wen X, Lai CK, Evangelista M, Hongo J-A, de Sauvage FJ and Scales SJ: Kinetics of hedgehog-dependent full-length Gli3 accumulation in primary cilia and subsequent degradation. Mol Cell Biol. 30:1910–1922. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ruiz i Altaba A, Palma V and Dahmane N: Hedgehog-Gli signalling and the growth of the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 3:24–33. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Hutchin ME, Kariapper MST, Grachtchouk M, Wang A, Wei L, Cummings D, Liu J, Michael LE, Glick A and Dlugosz AA: Sustained Hedgehog signaling is required for basal cell carcinoma proliferation and survival: Conditional skin tumorigenesis recapitulates the hair growth cycle. Genes Dev. 19:214–223. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar :

13 

Sheng H, Goich S, Wang A, Grachtchouk M, Lowe L, Mo R, Lin K, de Sauvage FJ, Sasaki H, Hui CC, et al: Dissecting the oncogenic potential of Gli2: Deletion of an NH(2)-terminal fragment alters skin tumor phenotype. Cancer Res. 62:5308–5316. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Tojo M, Kiyosawa H, Iwatsuki K, Nakamura K and Kaneko F: Expression of the GLI2 oncogene and its isoforms in human basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 148:892–897. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Regl G, Kasper M, Schnidar H, Eichberger T, Neill GW, Philpott MP, Esterbauer H, Hauser-Kronberger C, Frischauf AM and Aberger F: Activation of the BCL2 promoter in response to Hedgehog/GLI signal transduction is predominantly mediated by GLI2. Cancer Res. 64:7724–7731. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Regl G, Neill GW, Eichberger T, Kasper M, Ikram MS, Koller J, Hintner H, Quinn AG, Frischauf AM and Aberger F: Human GLI2 and GLI1 are part of a positive feedback mechanism in Basal Cell Carcinoma. Oncogene. 21:5529–5539. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Chang-Claude J, Dunning A, Schnitzbauer U, Galmbacher P, Tee L, Wjst M, Chalmers J, Zemzoum I, Harbeck N, Pharoah PD, et al: The patched polymorphism Pro1315Leu (C3944T) may modulate the association between use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 103:779–783. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Watkins DN, Berman DM, Burkholder SG, Wang B, Beachy PA and Baylin SB: Hedgehog signalling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer. Nature. 422:313–317. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Alam MM, Sohoni S, Kalainayakan SP, Garrossian M and Zhang L: Cyclopamine tartrate, an inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, strongly interferes with mitochondrial function and suppresses aerobic respiration in lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 16:1502016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Stecca B and Ruiz i Altaba A: Brain as a paradigm of organ growth: Hedgehog-Gli signaling in neural stem cells and brain tumors. J Neurobiol. 64:476–490. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Thayer SP, di Magliano MP, Heiser PW, Nielsen CM, Roberts DJ, Lauwers GY, Qi YP, Gysin S, Fernández-del Castillo C, Yajnik V, et al: Hedgehog is an early and late mediator of pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Nature. 425:851–856. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Miyazaki Y, Matsubara S, Ding Q, Tsukasa K, Yoshimitsu M, Kosai K and Takao S: Efficient elimination of pancreatic cancer stem cells by hedgehog/GLI inhibitor GANT61 in combination with mTOR inhibition. Mol Cancer. 15:492016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Dugum M, Hanouneh I, McIntyre T, Pai R, Aucejo F, Eghtesad B and Zein N: Sonic hedgehog signaling in hepato-cellular carcinoma: A pilot study. Mol Clin Oncol. 4:369–374. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Syu L-J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Grachtchouk M, Demitrack E, Ermilov A, Wilbert DM, Zheng X, Kaatz A, Greenson JK, et al: Invasive mouse gastric adenocarcinomas arising from Lgr5+ stem cells are dependent on crosstalk between the Hedgehog/GLI2 and mTOR pathways. Oncotarget. 7:10255–10270. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Karhadkar SS, Bova GS, Abdallah N, Dhara S, Gardner D, Maitra A, Isaacs JT, Berman DM and Beachy PA: Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis. Nature. 431:707–712. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Narita S, So A, Ettinger S, Hayashi N, Muramaki M, Fazli L, Kim Y and Gleave ME: GLI2 knockdown using an antisense oligonucleotide induces apoptosis and chemosensitizes cells to paclitaxel in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14:5769–5777. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Chen M, Feuerstein MA, Levina E, Baghel PS, Carkner RD, Tanner MJ, Shtutman M, Vacherot F, Terry S, de la Taille A, et al: Hedgehog/Gli supports androgen signaling in androgen deprived and androgen independent prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 9:892010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Sanchez P, Hernández AM, Stecca B, Kahler AJ, DeGueme AM, Barrett A, Beyna M, Datta MW, Datta S and Ruiz i Altaba A: Inhibition of prostate cancer proliferation by interference with SONIC HEDGEHOG-GLI1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:12561–12566. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sheng T, Li C, Zhang X, Chi S, He N, Chen K, McCormick F, Gatalica Z and Xie J: Activation of the hedgehog pathway in advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cancer. 3:292004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Azoulay S, Terry S, Chimingqi M, Sirab N, Faucon H, Gil Diez, de Medina S, Moutereau S, Maillé P, Soyeux P, Abbou C, et al: Comparative expression of Hedgehog ligands at different stages of prostate carcinoma progression. J Pathol. 216:460–470. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

McCarthy FRK and Brown AJ: Autonomous Hedgehog signalling is undetectable in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 373:109–112. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang J, Lipinski R, Shaw A, Gipp J and Bushman W: Lack of demonstrable autocrine hedgehog signaling in human prostate cancer cell lines. J Urol. 177:1179–1185. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Chen M, Tanner M, Levine AC, Levina E, Ohouo P and Buttyan R: Androgenic regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway components in prostate cancer cells. Cell Cycle. 8:149–157. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Gowda PS, Deng JD, Mishra S, Bandyopadhyay A, Liang S, Lin S, Mahalingam D and Sun LZ: Inhibition of hedgehog and androgen receptor signaling pathways produced synergistic suppression of castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. Mol Cancer Res. 11:1448–1461. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Lauth M and Toftgård R: Non-canonical activation of GLI transcription factors: Implications for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Cell Cycle. 6:2458–2463. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Wiederschain D, Wee S, Chen L, Loo A, Yang G, Huang A, Chen Y, Caponigro G, Yao YM, Lengauer C, et al: Single-vector inducible lentiviral RNAi system for oncology target validation. Cell Cycle. 8:498–504. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Roessler E, Ermilov AN, Grange DK, Wang A, Grachtchouk M, Dlugosz AA and Muenke M: A previously unidentified amino-terminal domain regulates transcriptional activity of wild-type and disease-associated human GLI2. Hum Mol Genet. 14:2181–2188. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Zhu H, Xia L, Shen Q, Zhao M, Gu X, Bouamar H, Wang B, Sun LZ and Zhu X: Differential effects of GLI2 and GLI3 in regulating cervical cancer malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Lab Invest. 98:1384–1396. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kim D, Pertea G, Trapnell C, Pimentel H, Kelley R and Salzberg SL: TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol. 14:R362013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Anders S, Pyl PT and Huber W: HTSeq - a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics. 31:166–169. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Anders S and Huber W: Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biol. 11:R1062010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Love MI, Huber W and Anders S: Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15:5502014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Huang W, Sherman BT and Lempicki RA: Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 4:44–57. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Huang W, Sherman BT and Lempicki RA: Bioinformatics enrichment tools: Paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 37:1–13. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

46 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. National Academies Press (US); Washington, DC: 2011

48 

Holzbeierlein J, Lal P, LaTulippe E, Smith A, Satagopan J, Zhang L, Ryan C, Smith S, Scher H, Scardino P, et al: Gene expression analysis of human prostate carcinoma during hormonal therapy identifies androgen-responsive genes and mechanisms of therapy resistance. Am J Pathol. 164:217–227. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Taylor BS, Schultz N, Hieronymus H, Gopalan A, Xiao Y, Carver BS, Arora VK, Kaushik P, Cerami E, Reva B, et al: Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 18:11–22. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Jin RJ, Wang Y, Masumori N, Ishii K, Tsukamoto T, Shappell SB, Hayward SW, Kasper S and Matusik RJ: NE-10 neuroendocrine cancer promotes the LNCaP xenograft growth in castrated mice. Cancer Res. 64:5489–5495. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Wang H, Luber B, Nakazawa M, Roeser JC, Chen Y, Mohammad TA, Chen Y, Fedor HL, et al: AR-V7 and resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 371:1028–1038. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Lu C and Luo J: Decoding the androgen receptor splice variants. Transl Androl Urol. 2:178–186. 2013.

53 

Gregory CW, He B, Johnson RT, Ford OH, Mohler JL, French FS and Wilson EM: A mechanism for androgen receptor-mediated prostate cancer recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res. 61:4315–4319. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

54 

Li N, Chen M, Truong S, Yan C and Buttyan R: Determinants of Gli2 co-activation of wildtype and naturally truncated androgen receptors. Prostate. 74:1400–1410. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Hu R, Dunn TA, Wei S, Isharwal S, Veltri RW, Humphreys E, Han M, Partin AW, Vessella RL, Isaacs WB, et al: Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 69:16–22. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Liu LL, Xie N, Sun S, Plymate S, Mostaghel E and Dong X: Mechanisms of the androgen receptor splicing in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 33:3140–3150. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Xia L, Bouamar H, Gu X, Zeballos C, Qin T, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhu H, Zhu H, et al: Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 57: 100-112, 2020.
APA
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B. ... Sun, L. (2020). Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 57, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5044
MLA
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Zhu, H., Zhang, W., Houghton, P. J., Sun, L."Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer". International Journal of Oncology 57.1 (2020): 100-112.
Chicago
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Zhu, H., Zhang, W., Houghton, P. J., Sun, L."Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 1 (2020): 100-112. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5044
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Xia L, Bouamar H, Gu X, Zeballos C, Qin T, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhu H, Zhu H, et al: Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 57: 100-112, 2020.
APA
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B. ... Sun, L. (2020). Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 57, 100-112. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5044
MLA
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Zhu, H., Zhang, W., Houghton, P. J., Sun, L."Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer". International Journal of Oncology 57.1 (2020): 100-112.
Chicago
Xia, L., Bouamar, H., Gu, X., Zeballos, C., Qin, T., Wang, B., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Zhu, H., Zhang, W., Houghton, P. J., Sun, L."Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer". International Journal of Oncology 57, no. 1 (2020): 100-112. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.5044
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team