Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
International Journal of Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1019-6439 Online ISSN: 1791-2423
Journal Cover
January-2022 Volume 60 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2022 Volume 60 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Cover Legend PDF

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape

  • Authors:
    • Amine Maarouf
    • Alice Boissard
    • Cécile Henry
    • Géraldine Leman
    • Olivier Coqueret
    • Catherine Guette
    • Eric Lelièvre
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Paul Papin ICO Cancer Center, CRCINA, INSERM U1232, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, 49055 Angers, France
    Copyright: © Maarouf et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 5
    |
    Published online on: December 14, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5295
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Among the different chemotherapies available, genotoxic drugs are widely used. In response to these drugs, particularly doxorubicin, tumor cells can enter into senescence. Chemotherapy‑induced senescence (CIS) is a complex response. Long described as a definitive arrest of cell proliferation, the present authors and various groups have shown that this state may not be complete and could allow certain cells to reproliferate. The mechanism could be due to the activation of new signaling pathways. In the laboratory, the proteins involved in these pathways and triggering cell proliferation were studied. The present study determined a new role for anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) in vivo in patients and in vitro in a senescence escape model. AGR2's implication in breast cancer patients and proliferation of senescent cells was assessed based on a SWATH‑MS proteomic study of patients' samples and RNA interference technology on cell lines. First, AGR2 was identified and it was found that its concentration is higher in the serum of patients with breast cancer and that this high concentration is associated with metastasis occurrence. An inverse correlation between intratumoral AGR2 expression and the senescence marker p16 was also observed. This observation led to the study of the role of AGR2 in the CIS escape model. In this model, it was found that AGR2 is overexpressed in cells during senescence escape and that its loss considerably reduces this phenomenon. Furthermore, it was shown that the extracellular form of AGR2 stimulated the reproliferation of senescent cells. The power of proteomic analysis based on the SWATH‑MS approach allowed the present study to highlight the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT signaling pathway in the senescence escape mechanism mediated by AGR2. Analysis of the two signaling pathways revealed that AGR2 modulated RICTOR and AKT phosphorylation. All these results showed that AGR2 expression in sera and tumors of breast cancer patients is a marker of tumor progression and metastasis occurrence. They also showed that its overexpression regulates CIS escape via activation of the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Lee S and Schmitt CA: The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer. Nat Cell Biol. 21:94–101. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Rodier F, Coppé J, Patil CK, Hoeijmakers WA, Muñoz DP, Raza SR, Freund A, Campeau E, Davalos AR and Campisi J: Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion. Nat Cell Biol. 11:973–979. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

3 

Beauséjour CM, Krtolica A, Galimi F, Narita M, Lowe SW, Yaswen P and Campisi J: Reversal of human cellular senescence: Roles of the p53 and p16 pathways. EMBO J. 22:4212–4222. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar :

4 

Kuilman T and Peeper DS: Senescence-messaging secretome: SMS-ing cellular stress. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:81–94. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

te Poele RH, Okorokov AL, Jardine L, Cummings J and Joel SP: DNA damage is able to induce senescence in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 62:1876–1883. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Narita M, Nũnez S, Heard E, Narita M, Lin AW, Hearn SA, Spector DL, Hannon GJ and Lowe SW: Rb-mediated hetero-chromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence. Cell. 113:703–716. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Vétillard A, Jonchère B, Moreau M, Toutain B, Henry C, Fontanel S, Bernard AC, Campone M, Guette C and Coqueret O: Akt inhibition improves irinotecan treatment and prevents cell emergence by switching the senescence response to apoptosis. Oncotarget. 6:43342–43362. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Jonchère B, Vétillard A, Toutain B, Lam D, Bernard AC, Henry C, De Carné Trécesson S, Gamelin E, Juin P, Guette C and Coqueret O: Irinotecan treatment and senescence failure promote the emergence of more transformed and invasive cells that depend on anti-apoptotic Mcl-1. Oncotarget. 6:409–426. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Besson D, Pavageau AH, Valo I, Bourreau A, Bélanger A, Eymerit-Morin C, Moulière A, Chassevent A, Boisdron-Celle M, Morel A, et al: A quantitative proteomic approach of the different stages of colorectal cancer establishes OLFM4 as a new nonmetastatic tumor marker. Mol Cell Proteomics. 10:M111.0097122011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Campone M, Valo I, Jézéquel P, Moreau M, Boissard A, Campion L, Loussouarn D, Verriele V, Coqueret O and Guette C: Prediction of recurrence and survival for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by a protein signature in tissue samples. Mol Cell Proteomics. 14:2936–2946. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Persson S, Rosenquist M, Knoblach B, Khosravi-Far R, Sommarin M and Michalak M: Diversity of the protein disulfide isomerase family: Identification of breast tumor induced Hag2 and Hag3 as novel members of the protein family. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 36:734–740. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Park SW, Zhen G, Verhaeghe C, Nakagami Y, Nguyenvu LT, Barczak AJ, Killeen N and Erle DJ: The protein disulfide isomerase AGR2 is essential for production of intestinal mucus. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 106:6950–6955. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Delom F, Mohtar MA, Hupp T and Fessart D: The anterior gradient-2 interactome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 318:C40–C47. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Delom F, Nazaraliyev A and Fessart D: The role of protein disulphide isomerase AGR2 in the tumour niche. Biol Cell. 110:271–282. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Fessart D, Domblides C, Avril T, Eriksson LA, Begueret H, Pineau R, Malrieux C, Dugot-Senant N, Lucchesi C, Chevet E and Delom F: Secretion of protein disulphide isomerase AGR2 confers tumorigenic properties. Elife. 5:e138872016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Fessart D, de Barbeyrac C, Boutin I, Grenier T, Richard E, Begueret H, Bernard D, Chevet E, Robert J and Delom F: Extracellular AGR2 triggers lung tumour cell proliferation through repression of p21CIP1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 1868:1189202021. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Maurel M, Obacz J, Avril T, Ding YP, Papadodima O, Treton X, Daniel F, Pilalis E, Hörberg J, Hou W, et al: Control of anterior GRadient 2 (AGR2) dimerization links endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis to inflammation. EMBO Mol Med. 11:e101202019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Aberger F, Weidinger G, Grunz H and Richter K: Anterior specification of embryonic ectoderm: The role of the Xenopus cement gland-specific gene XAG-2. Mech Dev. 72:115–130. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zhang JS, Gong A, Cheville JC, Smith DI and Young CYF: AGR2, an androgen-inducible secretory protein overexpressed in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 43:249–259. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Thompson DA and Weigel RJ: hAG-2, the human homologue of thexenopus laeviscement gland gene XAG-2, is coexpressed with estrogen receptor in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 251:111–116. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Ramachandran V, Arumugam T, Wang H and Logsdon CD: Anterior gradient 2 is expressed and secreted during the development of pancreatic cancer and promotes cancer cell survival. Cancer Res. 68:7811–7818. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pizzi M, Fassan M, Balistreri M, Galligioni A, Rea F and Rugge M: Anterior gradient 2 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 20:31–36. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Chevet E, Fessart D, Delom F, Mulot A, Vojtesek B, Hrstka R, Murray E, Gray T and Hupp T: Emerging roles for the pro-oncogenic anterior gradient-2 in cancer development. Oncogene. 32:2499–2509. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Salmans ML, Zhao F and Andersen B: The estrogen-regulated anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) protein in breast cancer: A potential drug target and biomarker. Breast Cancer Res. 15:2042013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hrstka R, Nenutil R, Fourtouna A, Maslon MM, Naughton C, Langdon S, Murray E, Larionov A, Petrakova K, Muller P, et al: The pro-metastatic protein anterior gradient-2 predicts poor prognosis in tamoxifen-treated breast cancers. Oncogene. 29:4838–4847. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Vanderlaag KE, Hudak S, Bald L, Fayadat-Dilman L, Sathe M, Grein J and Janatpour MJ: Anterior gradient-2 plays a critical role in breast cancer cell growth and survival by modulating cyclin D1, estrogen receptor-alpha and survivin. Breast Cancer Res. 12:R322010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Liu D, Rudland PS, Sibson DR, Platt-Higgins A and Barraclough R: Human homologue of cement gland protein, a novel metastasis inducer associated with breast carcinomas. Cancer Res. 65:3796–3805. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hrstka R, Brychtova V, Fabian P, Vojtesek B and Svoboda M: AGR2 predicts tamoxifen resistance in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Dis Markers. 35:207–212. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li Z, Zhu Q, Hu L, Chen H, Wu Z and Li D: Anterior gradient 2 is a binding stabilizer of hypoxia inducible factor-1a that enhances CoCl 2-induced doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 106:1041–1049. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Higa A, Mulot A, Delom F, Bouchecareilh M, Nguyên DT, Boismenu D, Wise MJ and Chevet E: Role of pro-oncogenic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family member anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in the control of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. J Biol Chem. 286:44855–44868. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Dimri GP, Lee X, Basile G, Acosta M, Scott G, Roskelley C, Medrano EE, Linskens M, Rubelj I and Pereira-Smith O: A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:9363–9367. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Vindeløv LL, Christensen IJ and Nissen NI: A Detergent-trypsin method for the preparation of nuclei for flow cytometric DNA analysis. Cytometry. 3:323–327. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Gillet LC, Navarro P, Tate S, Röst H, Selevsek N, Reiter L, Bonner R and Aebersold R: Targeted data extraction of the MS/MS spectra generated by data-independent acquisition: A new concept for consistent and accurate proteome analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics. 11:0111.0167172012. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Perez-Riverol Y, Csordas A, Bai J, Bernal-Llinares M, Hewapathirana S, Kundu DJ, Inuganti A, Griss J, Mayer G, Eisenacher M, et al: The PRIDE database and related tools and resources in 2019: Improving support for quantification data. Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D442–D450. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar :

35 

Innes HE, Liu D, Barraclough R, Davies MPA, O'Neill PA, Platt-Higgins A, de Silva Rudland S, Sibson DR and Rudland PS: Significance of the metastasis-inducing protein AGR2 for outcome in hormonally treated breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 94:1057–1065. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Tang W, Zhou M, Dorsey TH, Prieto DA, Wang XW, Ruppin E, Veenstra TD and Ambs S: Integrated proteotranscriptomics of breast cancer reveals globally increased protein-mRNA concordance associated with subtypes and survival. Genome Med. 10:942018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Guillon J, Petit C, Moreau M, Toutain B, Henry C, Roché H, Bonichon-Lamichhane N, Salmon JP, Lemonnier J, Campone M, et al: Regulation of senescence escape by TSP1 and CD47 following chemotherapy treatment. Cell Death Dis. 10:1992019. View Article : Google Scholar :

38 

Pohler E, Craig AL, Cotton J, Lawrie L, Dillon JF, Ross P, Kernohan N and Hupp TR: The barrett's antigen anterior gradient-2 silences the p53 transcriptional response to DNA damage. Mol Cell Proteomics. 3:534–547. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hrstka R, Bouchalova P, Michalova E, Matoulkova E, Muller P, Coates PJ and Vojtesek B: AGR2 oncoprotein inhibits p38 MAPK and p53 activation through a DUSP10-mediated regulatory pathway. Mol Oncol. 10:652–662. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Valo I, Raro P, Boissard A, Maarouf A, Jézéquel P, Verriele V, Campone M, Coqueret O and Guette C: OLFM4 expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and in invasive breast cancer cohorts by a SWATH-based proteomic approach. Proteomics. 19:e18004462019. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Laplante M and Sabatini DM: MTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell. 149:274–293. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Yang G, Murashige DS, Humphrey SJ and James DE: A positive feedback loop between akt and mTORC2 via SIN1 phosphorylation. Cell Rep. 12:937–943. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM and Sabatini DM: Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex. Science. 307:1098–1101. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Iannello A, Thompson TW, Ardolino M, Lowe SW and Raulet DH: p53-dependent chemokine production by senescent tumor cells supports NKG2D-dependent tumor elimination by natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 210:2057–2069. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar :

45 

Dahal Lamichane B, Jung SY, Yun J, Kang S, Kim DY, Lamichane S, Kim YJ, Park JH, Jang WB, Ji ST, et al: AGR2 is a target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is important for stemness maintenance in colorectal cancer stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 515:600–606. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Arumugam T, Deng D, Bover L, Wang H, Logsdon CD and Ramachandran V: New blocking antibodies against novel AGR2-C4 4A pathway reduce growth and metastasis of pancreatic tumors and increase survival in mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 14:941–951. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Armes JE, Davies CM, Wallace S, Taheri T, Perrin LC and Autelitano DJ: AGR2 expression in ovarian tumours: A potential biomarker for endometrioid and mucinous differentiation. Pathology. 45:49–54. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Hu Z, Gu Y, Han B, Zhang J, Li Z, Tian K, Young CYF and Yuan H: Knockdown of AGR2 induces cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 33:1178–1186. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Hrstka R, Murray E, Brychtova V, Fabian P, Hupp TR and Vojtesek B: Identification of an AKT-dependent signalling pathway that mediates tamoxifen-dependent induction of the pro-metastatic protein anterior. Cancer Lett. 333:187–193. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Liu Q, Li Y and Yao L: Knockdown of AGR2 induces cell apoptosis and reduces chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic cancer cells with the involvement of ERK/AKT axis. Pancreatology. 18:678–688. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Dong A, Gupta A, Pai RK, Tun M and Lowe AW: The human adenocarcinoma-associated gene, AGR2, induces expression of amphiregulin through hippo pathway co-activator YAP1 activation. J Biol Chem. 286:18301–18310. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Matoulkova E, Sommerova L, Pastorek M, Vojtesek B and Hrstka R: Regulation of AGR2 expression via 3′UTR shortening. Exp Cell Res. 356:40–47. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

53 

Tiemann K, Garri C, Lee SB, Malihi PD, Park M, Alvarez RM, Yap LP, Mallick P, Katz JE, Gross ME and Kani K: Loss of ER retention motif of AGR2 can impact mTORC signaling and promote cancer metastasis. Oncogene. 38:3003–3018. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Dumartin L, Alrawashdeh W, Trabulo SM, Radon TP, Steiger K, Feakins RM, di Magliano MP, Heeschen C, Esposito I, Lemoine NR and Crnogorac-Jurcevic T: ER stress protein AGR2 precedes and is involved in the regulation of pancreatic cancer initiation. Oncogene. 36:3094–3103. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

55 

Zhao F, Edwards R, Dizon D, Afrasiabi K, Mastroianni JR, Geyfman M, Ouellette AJ, Andersen B and Lipkin SM: Disruption of Paneth and goblet cell homeostasis and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in Agr2-/-mice. Dev Biol. 338:270–279. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Maarouf A, Boissard A, Henry C, Leman G, Coqueret O, Guette C and Lelièvre E: Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape. Int J Oncol 60: 5, 2022.
APA
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., & Lelièvre, E. (2022). Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape. International Journal of Oncology, 60, 5. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5295
MLA
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., Lelièvre, E."Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape". International Journal of Oncology 60.1 (2022): 5.
Chicago
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., Lelièvre, E."Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape". International Journal of Oncology 60, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5295
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Maarouf A, Boissard A, Henry C, Leman G, Coqueret O, Guette C and Lelièvre E: Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape. Int J Oncol 60: 5, 2022.
APA
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., & Lelièvre, E. (2022). Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape. International Journal of Oncology, 60, 5. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5295
MLA
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., Lelièvre, E."Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape". International Journal of Oncology 60.1 (2022): 5.
Chicago
Maarouf, A., Boissard, A., Henry, C., Leman, G., Coqueret, O., Guette, C., Lelièvre, E."Anterior gradient protein 2 is a marker of tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and favors chemotherapy‑induced senescence escape". International Journal of Oncology 60, no. 1 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5295
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team