Signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches in glioblastoma multiforme (Review)

Khabibov,Marsel; Garifullin,Airat; Boumber,Yanis; Khaddour,Karam; Fernandez,Manuel; Khamitov,Firat; Khalikova,Larisa; Kuznetsova,Natalia; Kit,Oleg; Kharin,Leonid

doi:10.3892/ijo.2022.5359

Signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches in glioblastoma multiforme (Review)

Authors:
- Marsel Khabibov
- Airat Garifullin
- Yanis Boumber
- Karam Khaddour
- Manuel Fernandez
- Firat Khamitov
- Larisa Khalikova
- Natalia Kuznetsova
- Oleg Kit
- Leonid Kharin
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Affiliations: Department of Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia, Department of Histology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450000 Ufa, Russia, Division of Hematology/Oncology at The Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Department of Neuro‑Oncology, National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 344037 Rostov‑on‑Don, Russia, Abdominal Oncology Department, National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 344037 Rostov‑on‑Don, Russia
Published online on: April 19, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2022.5359
Article Number: 69
Copyright: © Khabibov et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Despite the progress in the understanding of the molecular and genetic changes that promote tumorigenesis, effective treatment options are limited. The present review intended to identify and summarize major signaling pathways and genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as therapies that target these pathways. Glioblastoma remains a difficult to treat tumor; however, in the last two decades, significant improvements in the understanding of GBM biology have enabled advances in available therapeutics. Significant genomic events and signaling pathway disruptions (NF‑κB, Wnt, PI3K/AKT/mTOR) involved in the formation of GBM were discussed. Current therapeutic options may only marginally prolong survival and the current standard of therapy cures only a small fraction of patients. As a result, there is an unmet requirement for further study into the processes of glioblastoma pathogenesis and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in novel signaling pathways implicated in the evolution of glioblastoma.

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