Open Access

Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shengnan Ren
    • Zhanyi Zhang
    • Mengyuan Li
    • Daren Wang
    • Ruijie Guo
    • Xuedong Fang
    • Fangfang Chen
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 5, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5519
  • Article Number: 71
  • Copyright: © Ren et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Cancer‑testis antigen (CTA) is a well‑accepted optimal target library for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Most CTAs are located on the X chromosome and aggregate into large gene families, such as the melanoma antigen, synovial sarcoma X and G antigen families. Members of the CTA subfamily are usually co‑expressed in tumor tissues and share similar structural characteristics and biological functions. As cancer vaccines are recommended to induce specific antitumor responses, CTAs, particularly CTA subfamilies, are widely used in the design of cancer vaccines. To date, DNA, mRNA and peptide vaccines have been commonly used to generate tumor‑specific CTAs in vivo and induce anticancer effects. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, the antitumor efficacy of CTA‑based vaccines is limited in clinical trials, which may be partially attributed to weak immunogenicity, low efficacy of antigen delivery and presentation processes, as well as a suppressive immune microenvironment. Recently, the development of nanomaterials has enhanced the cancer vaccination cascade, improved the antitumor performance and reduced off‑target effects. The present study provided an in‑depth review of the structural characteristics and biofunctions of the CTA subfamilies, summarised the design and utilisation of CTA‑based vaccine platforms and provided recommendations for developing nanomaterial‑derived CTA‑targeted vaccines.
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June-2023
Volume 62 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Ren S, Zhang Z, Li M, Wang D, Guo R, Fang X and Chen F: Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review). Int J Oncol 62: 71, 2023
APA
Ren, S., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Wang, D., Guo, R., Fang, X., & Chen, F. (2023). Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 62, 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5519
MLA
Ren, S., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Wang, D., Guo, R., Fang, X., Chen, F."Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 62.6 (2023): 71.
Chicago
Ren, S., Zhang, Z., Li, M., Wang, D., Guo, R., Fang, X., Chen, F."Cancer testis antigen subfamilies: Attractive targets for therapeutic vaccine (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 62, no. 6 (2023): 71. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2023.5519