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RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Yanqi Peng
    • Xiaoming Chen
    • Fanhao Kong
    • Jiayi Zhu
    • Siwen Yang
    • Ronghua Fan
    • Ji Wu
    • Yanyu Peng
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Food Science, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Assessment and Nutritional Intervention for Heart and Brain, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Peng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 104
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    Published online on: October 9, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5810
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Abstract

Mitophagy, a selective autophagy process that targets damaged mitochondria, plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis and disease progression, including tumorigenesis. Ras homolog family member T1 (RHOT1), a mitochondria‑associated protein, has been reported to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of RHOT1 in GC progression and its mechanistic link with mitochondrial quality control. To achieve this, RHOT1 was silenced in GC cells and its effect on the PINK1/Parkin pathway, mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular behavior examined. The study employed qPCR and western blotting to evaluate gene and protein expression, siRNA transfection to silence RHOT1 and flow cytometry, CCK‑8 proliferation, wound‑healing, and Transwell assays to investigate mitochondrial function and cellular phenotypes. Silencing RHOT1 reduced PINK1 mRNA expression by 59.75% (P=0.025) and Parkin mRNA expression by 65.12% (P=0.0189), indicating suppressed mitophagy. This was accompanied by an 84.73% increase in reactive oxygen species (P<0.001) and a 36.94% decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (P=0.0061). Silencing RHOT1 further caused G0/G1 phase arrest and increased apoptosis (P<0.05), thereby markedly inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. The present study revealed that RHOT1 drives the malignant phenotype of GC through regulation of mitochondrial quality control and induction of oxidative stress, providing a rationale for developing novel anti‑tumor strategies by targeting mitochondrial function. RHOT1 may serve as a biomarker for prognostic assessment and individualized treatment of GC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Bioinformatics analysis of RHOT1
involvement in the mitophagy pathway. (A) The interacting proteins
of RHOT1. (B) The heatmap of the interacting genes co-expressed
with RHOT1. (C) GO analysis of RHOT1. (D) KEGG analysis of RHOT1.
(E) Venn diagram analysis of mitophagy genes from different
databases. (F) PCA analysis was conducted on mitophagy genes. (G)
Heatmap and (H) correlation analysis of mitophagy genes. (I) Venn
diagram analysis of STRING interaction genes, taking the
intersection with mitophagy genes. ***P<0.001. RHOT1,
Ras homolog family member T1; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes; GO, Gene Ontology.

Figure 2

Expression analysis of
mitophagy-related genes. (A) The relative expression of RHOT1 in GC
cell lines. (B) The expression of RHOT1 transfected with different
specific si-RHOT1. The relative expression of (C) PINK1 and (D)
Parkin after silencing RHOT1. The relative expression of (E) TOMM20
and (F) TIMM23 after silencing RHOT1. (G) Protein expression
changes of PINK1 and Parkin after silencing RHOT1.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01,
***P<0.001, ns, not significant. RHOT1, Ras homolog
family member T1; GC, gastric cancer; si-, short interfering; NC,
negative control.

Figure 3

Changes in the level of cellular ROS
and MMP after silencing RHOT1. (A) Changes in ROS levels after
silencing RHOT1 in HGC-27 cells. (B) Changes in MMP after silencing
RHOT1 in HGC-27 cells. **P<0.01,
***P<0.001, ROS, reactive oxygen species; MMP,
mitochondrial membrane potential; RHOT1, Ras homolog family member
T1; si-, short interfering; NC, negative control.

Figure 4

RHOT1 expression affected
proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. (A) The CCK-8 assay
assessed the changes in the proliferation of HGC-27 cells with
silenced RHOT1. (B) Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell
cycle of HGC-27 cells. (C) Flow cytometry was used to detect the
level of apoptosis in HGC-27 cells. The data is presented as mean ±
SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ns, not
significant. RHOT1, Ras homolog family member T1; si-, short
interfering; NC, negative control.

Figure 5

The RHOT1 expression affects cell
migration and invasion. (A) The wound healing assay to detect the
migration ability of HGC-27 cells with silenced RHOT1. (B) The
Transwell migration assay was used to assess the migration ability
of HGC-27 cells with silenced RHOT1. (C) The Transwell invasion
assay was performed to assess the invasion of HGC-27 cells with
silenced RHOT1. The data is presented as mean ± SD.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01,
***P<0.001. RHOT1, Ras homolog family member T1; si-,
short interfering; NC, negative control.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Peng Y, Chen X, Kong F, Zhu J, Yang S, Fan R, Wu J and Peng Y: RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 67: 104, 2025.
APA
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R. ... Peng, Y. (2025). RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 67, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5810
MLA
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R., Wu, J., Peng, Y."RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 67.6 (2025): 104.
Chicago
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R., Wu, J., Peng, Y."RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 67, no. 6 (2025): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5810
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Peng Y, Chen X, Kong F, Zhu J, Yang S, Fan R, Wu J and Peng Y: RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 67: 104, 2025.
APA
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R. ... Peng, Y. (2025). RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 67, 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5810
MLA
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R., Wu, J., Peng, Y."RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 67.6 (2025): 104.
Chicago
Peng, Y., Chen, X., Kong, F., Zhu, J., Yang, S., Fan, R., Wu, J., Peng, Y."RHOT1‑mediated molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction and its phenotypic effects on gastric cancer cells". International Journal of Oncology 67, no. 6 (2025): 104. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2025.5810
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