Biological activity of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor SAM486A in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

The antitumor activity of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) inhibitor SAM486A in human breast cancer cells was investigated. Our in vitro study focused on testing the effects of SAM486A on the proliferation, clonogenicity, invasiveness, cell signaling and PA levels of hormone-independent MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells. We also investigated the antitumor action, effects on polyamine pools and tolerability of SAM486A administered to nude mice carrying MDA-MB-435 xenografts. SAM486A suppressed anchorage-independent and -dependent growth and invasiveness of breast cancer cells and the inhibition of cell growth was associated with suppression of spermine synthesis. Combined administration of SAM486A and α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), exerted greater antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects and induced an overall greater suppression of cellular PA levels than the individual treatments. Both SAM486A and DFMO increased phosphorylation of STAT-1, -3, ERK1/2 and p38, thus indicating activation of both STAT signaling and the MAPK pathway. SAM486A (1 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the growth and spermine levels of established MDA-MB435 breast tumors in nude mice. SAM486A exerts a potent antitumor action in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of cellular spermine is consistently observed with SAM486A treatment and may mediate its antitumor action. Combination treatment with DFMO may allow the use of lower and, hence, less toxic doses of each compound with preservation of optimal therapeutic effect. The role of activation of STAT signaling and the MAPK pathway in the antitumor action of SAM486A remains to be determined.