Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology

  • Authors:
    • Chit Yaw Fu
    • Beng Koon Ng
    • Sirajudeen Gulam Razul
    • William Wei Lim Chin
    • Puay Hoon Tan
    • Weber Ko Lau
    • Malini Olivo
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 1, 2007     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.525
  • Pages: 525-530
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Abstract

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease worldwide, accounting for 4% of all cancer cases. In Singapore, it is the ninth most common form of cancer. The high mortality rate in bladder cancer can be reduced by early treatment following pre-cancerous screening. Currently, the gold standard for screening bladder tumors is histological examination of biopsy specimens, which is both invasive and time-consuming. In this study, ex vivo urine fluorescence cytology was investigated to offer an alternative timely and biopsy-free means for detecting bladder cancers. Sediments in patient urine samples were extracted and incubated with a novel photosensitizer, hypericin. Laser confocal microscopy was used to capture the fluorescence images at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. Images were subsequently processed to single out the exfoliated bladder cancer cells from the other cells based on the cellular size. Intensity histograms of each targeted cell and feature vectors, derived from the histogram moments, were used to represent each sample. A difference in the distribution of the feature vectors of normal and low-grade cancerous bladder cancer cells were observed. A diagnostic algorithm for discriminating between normal and low-grade cancerous cells is elucidated in this report. This study suggests that the fluorescence intensity profiles of hypericin in bladder cells can potentially provide an automated quantitative means of early bladder cancer diagnosis.

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September 2007
Volume 31 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Fu CY, Ng BK, Razul SG, Chin WW, Tan PH, Lau WK and Olivo M: Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology. Int J Oncol 31: 525-530, 2007
APA
Fu, C.Y., Ng, B.K., Razul, S.G., Chin, W.W., Tan, P.H., Lau, W.K., & Olivo, M. (2007). Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology. International Journal of Oncology, 31, 525-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.525
MLA
Fu, C. Y., Ng, B. K., Razul, S. G., Chin, W. W., Tan, P. H., Lau, W. K., Olivo, M."Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology". International Journal of Oncology 31.3 (2007): 525-530.
Chicago
Fu, C. Y., Ng, B. K., Razul, S. G., Chin, W. W., Tan, P. H., Lau, W. K., Olivo, M."Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology". International Journal of Oncology 31, no. 3 (2007): 525-530. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.525