Cancer genetics has become a burgeoning area of both cytogenetic and molecular genetic research and practical clinical application of the findings of such research in human cancer and leukemia. This review summarizes the specific types of chromosomal and associated molecular genetic alterations in leukemia and cancer. The primary objective is to acquaint physicians of various disciplines with the application of cytogenetics and molecular genetics as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic indices, as approaches to the evaluation of minimal residual disease and as guides for differentiation therapy and the molecular localization of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes related to gene therapy in leukemias and cancers.

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