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Article

Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation

  • Authors:
    • Pinar O. Eser
    • John P. Vanden Heuvel
    • John Araujo
    • Jerry T. Thompson
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Veterinary Science and Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
  • Pages: 444-452
    |
    Published online on: February 15, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2013.76
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Abstract

Fish oil contains the marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The consumption of diets rich in these fatty acids is associated with a decreased incidence of prostate cancer. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the non‑marine ω-3 PUFA α‑linolenic acid (ALA). To study which ω-3 PUFAs are more effective in prostate cancer prevention, and whether the mechanisms of action are conserved between them, we investigated the effect of DHA, EPA and ALA on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. Different trends of inhibition of PC-3 cell proliferation were observed for the three ω-3 PUFA, with DHA having the most pronounced effects on cell proliferation, while ALA had the minimum effects of the three ω-3 PUFAs. All the ω-3 PUFAs decreased fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA. Concerning genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle and apoptosis, DHA regulated the most genes in all categories, followed by EPA and then ALA. In addition, DHA and EPA increased the gene expression of the pro-apoptotic protein activating transcription factor 3 mRNA. Moreover, these two fatty acids significantly induced apoptosis. In conclusion, while some mechanisms of cancer cell inhibition are conserved among ω-3 PUFA, the extent, magnitude, and duration of transcriptional changes vary for each individual fatty acid.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Eser PO, Vanden Heuvel JP, Araujo J and Thompson JT: Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Mol Clin Oncol 1: 444-452, 2013.
APA
Eser, P.O., Vanden Heuvel, J.P., Araujo, J., & Thompson, J.T. (2013). Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 1, 444-452. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2013.76
MLA
Eser, P. O., Vanden Heuvel, J. P., Araujo, J., Thompson, J. T."Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 1.3 (2013): 444-452.
Chicago
Eser, P. O., Vanden Heuvel, J. P., Araujo, J., Thompson, J. T."Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 1, no. 3 (2013): 444-452. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2013.76
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Eser PO, Vanden Heuvel JP, Araujo J and Thompson JT: Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Mol Clin Oncol 1: 444-452, 2013.
APA
Eser, P.O., Vanden Heuvel, J.P., Araujo, J., & Thompson, J.T. (2013). Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 1, 444-452. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2013.76
MLA
Eser, P. O., Vanden Heuvel, J. P., Araujo, J., Thompson, J. T."Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 1.3 (2013): 444-452.
Chicago
Eser, P. O., Vanden Heuvel, J. P., Araujo, J., Thompson, J. T."Marine- and plant-derived ω-3 fatty acids differentially regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 1, no. 3 (2013): 444-452. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2013.76
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