Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9450 Online ISSN: 2049-9469
Journal Cover
May-June 2014 Volume 2 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-June 2014 Volume 2 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review

Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Chunhui Dong
    • Ling Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
  • Pages: 331-336
    |
    Published online on: February 3, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.250
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are potentially life‑threatening late sequelae of the adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (BC). The increased risk of SMNs is associated with adjuvant chemotherapy (development of secondary acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome) and hormonal therapy (risk of uterine cancer secondary to tamoxifen treatment). Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of SMNs associated with alkylating agents, topoisomerase‑II inhibitors, granulocyte‑stimulating factors and estrogen receptor modulators. Furthermore, analytical investigations have demonstrated that BC patients may be at an increased risk of leukemia following chemotherapy. In addition, correlations between an increased dose of hormonal therapy and solid tumor risk have been identified. Considering the ongoing alterations in the treatment of BC, with respect to lowering the daily as well as the cumulative dose of chemotherapeutic agents, it is anticipated that leukemias will have a considerably lower impact on BC survivors in the future. However, diligent follow‑up is required to accurately evaluate the long‑term risks associated with chemotherapy.
View Figures
View References

1. 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

2. 

DeSantis C, Siegel R, Bandi P and Jemal A: Breast cancer statistics, 2011. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:409–418. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

3. 

Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:212–236. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Curtis RE, Freedman DM, Ron E, Ries LAG, Hacker DG, Edwards BK, Tucker MA and Fraumeni JF Jr: New malignancies following breast cancer. New Malignancies Among Cancer Survivors: SEER Cancer Registries, 1973–2000. National Cancer Institute, NIH Publishing; Bethesda, MD: pp. 181–205. 2006

5. 

Eifel P, Axelson J, Costa J, et al: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, November 1–3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93:979–989. 2001.

6. 

Carlson RW, Allred DC, Anderson BO, et al: Invasive breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 9:136–222. 2011.

7. 

Tallman M, Gray R, Bennett J, et al: Leukemogenic potential of adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. J Clin Oncol. 13:1557–1563. 1995.PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Campone M, Roche H, Kerbrat P, et al: Secondary leukemia after epirubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients: 16 years experience of the French Adjuvant Study Group. Ann Oncol. 16:1343–1351. 2005.

9. 

Renella R, Verkooijen HM, Fioretta G, et al: Increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment for breast cancer. Breast. 15:614–619. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Bernard-Marty C, Mano M, Paesmans M, et al: Second malignancies following adjuvant chemotherapy: 6-year results from a Belgian randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) with an anthracycline-based regimen in adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 14:693–698. 2003.

11. 

Bonadonna G, Brusamolino E, Valagussa P, et al: Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 294:405–410. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Martin M, Villar A, Sole-Calvo A, et al GEICAM Group (Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group): Doxorubicin in combination with fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (i.v. FAC regimen, day 1, 21) versus methotrexate in combination with fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (i.v. CMF regimen, day 1, 21) as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer: a study by the GEICAM group. Ann Oncol. 14:833–842. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Fumoleau P, Kerbrat P, Romestaing P, et al: Randomized trial comparing six versus three cycles of epirubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal, node-positive breast cancer patients: 10-year follow-up results of the French Adjuvant Study Group 01 trial. J Clin Oncol. 21:298–305. 2003.

14. 

Benson JR, Jatoi I, Keisch M, Esteva FJ, Makris A and Jordan VC: Early breast cancer. Lancet. 373:1463–1479. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15. 

No authors listed. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet. 351:1451–1467. 1998.

16. 

Fisher B, Jeong JH, Bryant J, et al: Treatment of lymph-node-negative, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: long-term findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials. Lancet. 364:858–868. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

17. 

Burstein HJ, Prestrud AA, Seidenfeld J, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline: update on adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:3784–3796. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

18. 

Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. 344:783–792. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, Chan S, Romieu CG, Pienkowski T, et al: Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 355:2733–2743. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Gradishar WJ: HER2 therapy - an abundance of riches. N Engl J Med. 366:176–178. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Patt DA, Duan Z, Fang S, Hortobagyi GN and Giordano SH: Acute myeloid leukemia after adjuvant breast cancer therapy in older women: understanding risk. J Clin Oncol. 25:3871–3876. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Leone G, Pagano L, Ben-Yehuda D and Voso MT: Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia: susceptibility and incidence. Haematologica. 92:1389–1398. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Le Deley MC, Suzan F, Cutuli B, et al: Anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, radiotherapy, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: risk factors for leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 25:292–300. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Curtis RE, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, et al: Risk of leukemia after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 326:1745–1751. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Fisher B, Rockette H, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Redmond C and Brown A: Leukemia in breast cancer patients following adjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiation: the NSABP experience. J Clin Oncol. 3:1640–1658. 1985.PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Valagussa P, Moliterni A, Terenziani M, Zambetti M and Bonadonna G: Second malignancies following CMF-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 5:803–808. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Pedersen M, Roulston D and Philip P: Different genetic pathways in leukemogenesis for patients presenting with therapy-related myelodysplasia and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 86:3542–3552. 1995.

28. 

Smith RE, Bryant J, DeCillis A and Anderson S; National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience: Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer: the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Experience. J Clin Oncol. 21:1195–1204. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

29. 

Praga C, Bergh J, Bliss J, et al: Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in trials of adjuvant epirubicin for early breast cancer: correlation with doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. J Clin Oncol. 23:4179–4191. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Moebus V, Jackisch C, Lueck HJ, et al: Intense dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide compared with conventionally scheduled chemotherapy in high-risk primary breast cancer: mature results of an AGO phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 28:2874–2880. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

31. 

Chaplain G, Milan C, Sgro C, Carli PM and Bonithon-Kopp C: Increased risk of acute leukemia after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a population-based study. J Clin Oncol. 18:2836–2842. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Jones S, Holmes FA, O’Shaughnessy J, et al: Docetaxel with cyclophosphamide is associated with an overall survival benefit compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: 7-year follow-up of US Oncology Research Trial 9735. J Clin Oncol. 27:1177–1183. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Roché H, Fumoleau P, Spielmann M, et al: Sequential adjuvant epirubicin-based and docetaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients: the FNCLCC PACS 01 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 24:5664–5671. 2006.

34. 

Burnell M, Levine MN, Chapman JA, Bramwell V, Gelmon K, Walley B, et al: Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil versus dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel in node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 28:77–82. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

35. 

Hershman D, Neugut AI, Jacobson JS, et al: Acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome following use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors during breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 99:196–205. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

36. 

Citron ML, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, et al: Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741. J Clin Oncol. 21:1431–1439. 2003.

37. 

Tarella C, Passera R, Magni M, et al: Risk factors for the development of secondary malignancy after high-dose chemotherapy and autograft, with or without rituximab: a 20-year retrospective follow-up study in patients with lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 29:814–824. 2011.

38. 

Mellemkjaer L, Friis S, Olsen JH, et al: Risk of second cancer among women with breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 118:2285–2292. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39. 

Swerdlow AJ and Jones ME; British Tamoxifen Second Cancer Study Group: Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97:375–384. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40. 

Schaapveld M, Visser O, Louwman WJ, et al: The impact of adjuvant therapy on contralateral breast cancer risk and the prognostic significance of contralateral breast cancer: a population based study in the Netherlands. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 110:189–197. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41. 

Li CI, Daling JR, Porter PL, Tang MT and Malone KE: Adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer and risk of hormone receptor-specific subtypes of contralateral breast cancer. Cancer Res. 69:6865–6870. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42. 

Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, et al: Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 359:2131–2139. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

43. 

Baum M, Buzdar A, Cuzick J, et al: Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial efficacy and safety update analyses. Cancer. 98:1802–1810. 2003.

44. 

Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, et al: A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 349:1793–1802. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

45. 

Curtis RE, Freedman DM, Sherman ME and Fraumeni JF Jr: Risk of malignant mixed mullerian tumors after tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:70–74. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46. 

Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 365:1687–1717. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

47. 

Bergman L, Beelen ML, Gallee MP, Hollema H, Benraadt J and van Leeuwen FE: Risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer after tamoxifen for breast cancer. Comprehensive Cancer Centres’ ALERT Group. Assessment of Liver and Endometrial cancer Risk following Tamoxifen. Lancet. 356:881–887. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

48. 

Kamigaki Y and Kawakami K: Risk of second cancer after initial treatment of breast cancer: An Osaka Cancer Registry Database study. Oncol Lett. 2:963–973. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

49. 

Yadav BS, Sharma SC, Patel FD, Ghoshal S, Kapoor R and Kumar R: Nonbreast second malignancies after treatment of primary breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 73:1489–1492. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50. 

Matesich SM and Shapiro CL: Second cancers after breast cancer treatment. Semin Oncol. 30:740–748. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51. 

Holli k, Valavaara R, Blanco G, et al: Finnish Breast Cancer Group: Safety and efficacy results of a randomized trial comparing adjuvant toremifene and tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 18:3487–3494. 2000.

52. 

Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP): Effects of tamoxifen vs. raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA. 295:2727–2741. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

53. 

Pukkala E, Kyyronen P, Sankila R and Holli K: Tamoxifen and toremifene treatment of breast cancer and risk of subsequent endometrial cancer: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer. 100:337–341. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54. 

International Breast Cancer Study Group; Pagani O, Gelber S, Price K, Zahrieh D, Gelber R, et al: Toremifene and tamoxifen are equally effective for early-stage breast cancer: first results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials 12–93 and 14–93. Ann Oncol. 15:1749–1759. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

55. 

Jones ME, van Leeuwen FE, Hoogendoorn WE, et al: Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: pooled results from three countries. Breast Cancer Res. 14:R912012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56. 

Le Donne M, Alibrandi A, Ciancimino L, Azzerboni A, Chiofalo B and Triolo O: Endometrial pathology in breast cancer patients: Effect of different treatments on ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic and histological findings. Oncol Lett. 5:1305–1310. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

57. 

Slomovitz BM, Sun CC, Ramirez PT, Bodurka DC, Diaz P and Lu KH: Does tamoxifen use affect prognosis in breast cancer patients who develop endometrial cancer? Obstet Gynecol. 104:255–260. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58. 

Fles R, Hoogendoorn WE, Platteel I, et al: Genomic profile of endometrial tumors depends on morphological subtype, not on tamoxifen exposure. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 49:699–710. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59. 

Huber C, Bouchardy C, Schaffar R, et al: Antiestrogen therapy for breast cancer modifies the risk of subsequent cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 5:82–88. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dong C and Chen L: Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2: 331-336, 2014.
APA
Dong, C., & Chen, L. (2014). Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 2, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.250
MLA
Dong, C., Chen, L."Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2.3 (2014): 331-336.
Chicago
Dong, C., Chen, L."Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2, no. 3 (2014): 331-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.250
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dong C and Chen L: Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2: 331-336, 2014.
APA
Dong, C., & Chen, L. (2014). Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 2, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.250
MLA
Dong, C., Chen, L."Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2.3 (2014): 331-336.
Chicago
Dong, C., Chen, L."Second malignancies after breast cancer: The impact of adjuvant therapy (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2, no. 3 (2014): 331-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.250
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team