Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9450 Online ISSN: 2049-9469
Journal Cover
September-October 2014 Volume 2 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-October 2014 Volume 2 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Hiroshi Yokouchi
    • Kenya Kanazawa
    • Takashi Ishida
    • Satoshi Oizumi
    • Naofumi Shinagawa
    • Noriaki Sukoh
    • Masao Harada
    • Shigeaki Ogura
    • Mitsuru Munakata
    • Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
    • Hiroshi Isobe
    • Masaharu Nishimura
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan, First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8648, Japan, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003‑0804, Japan, Department of Respiratory Disease, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8604, Japan, Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8648, Japan, Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062‑0931, Japan
  • Pages: 744-750
    |
    Published online on: June 19, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.319
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) inhibitors are efficient for the treatment of non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, two recent phase III clinical trials using COX‑2 inhibitors in combination with platinum‑based chemotherapy failed to demonstrate a survival benefit. Thus, validation and discussion regarding the usefulness of COX‑2 inhibitors for patients with NSCLC are required. We conducted a prospective trial using COX‑2 inhibitors for the treatment of 50 NSCLC patients accrued between April, 2005 and July, 2006. Patients with untreated advanced NSCLC received oral meloxicam (150 mg daily), carboplatin (area under the curve = 5 mg̸ml x min on day 1) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2 on day 1) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate. The response and disease control rates were 36.0 and 76.0%, respectively. The time‑to‑progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were 5.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.6‑6.7] and 13.7 months (95% CI: 11.4‑15.9), respectively. The 1‑year survival ratio was 56.0%. Grade 3 neuropathy was observed in only 1 patient. We performed tumor immunohistochemistry for COX‑2 and p27 and investigated the correlation between their expression and clinical outcome. COX‑2 expression in the tumor tended to correlate with a higher response rate (50.0% in the high‑ and 18.2% in the low‑COX‑2 group; P=0.092). Based on our results and previous reports, various trial designs, such as the prospective use of COX‑2 inhibitors only for patients with COX‑2‑positive NSCLC, including the exploratory analysis of biomarkers associated with the COX‑2 pathway, may be worth further consideration.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Castelao JE, Bart RD III, DiPerna CA, Sievers EM and Bremner RM: Lung cancer and cyclooxygenase-2. Ann Thorac Surg. 76:1327–1335. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H and Ristimaki A: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 58:4997–5001. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Achiwa H, Yatabe Y, Hida T, et al: Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase 2 expression in primary, resected lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 5:1001–1005. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Khuri FR, Wu H, Lee JJ, et al: Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is a marker of poor prognosis in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 7:861–867. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Brabender J, Park J, Metzger R, et al: Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Surg. 235:440–443. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Jiang H, Wang J and Zhao W: Cox-2 in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 419:26–32. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Zhan P, Qian Q and Yu LK: Prognostic value of COX-2 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 5:40–47. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Brown JR and DuBois RN: Cyclooxygenase as a target in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 10:4266s–4269s. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Katayose Y, Kim M, Rakkar AN, et al: Promoting apoptosis: a novel activity associated with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Cancer Res. 57:5441–5445. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hommura F, Dosaka-Akita H, Mishina T, et al: Prognostic significance of p27KIP1 protein and ki-67 growth fraction in non-small cell lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 6:4073–4081. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Grosch S, Tegeder I, Niederberger E, Brautigam L and Geisslinger G: COX-2 independent induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells by the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. FASEB J. 15:2742–2744. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gligorov J and Lotz JP: Preclinical pharmacology of the taxanes: implications of the differences. Oncologist. 9(Suppl 2): 3–8. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Haldar S, Basu A and Croce CM: Bcl2 is the guardian of microtubule integrity. Cancer Res. 57:229–233. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Subbaramaiah K, Marmo TP, Dixon DA and Dannenberg AJ: Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA stability by taxanes: evidence for involvement of p38, MAPKAPK-2, and HuR. J Biol Chem. 278:37637–37647. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Millward MJ, Boyer MJ, Lehnert M, et al: Docetaxel and carboplatin is an active regimen in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study in Caucasian and Asian patients. Ann Oncol. 14:449–454. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhang X, Hunt JL, Landsittel DP, et al: Correlation of protease-activated receptor-1 with differentiation markers in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its implication in lymph node metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 10:8451–8459. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Muller S, Su L, Tighiouart M, et al: Distinctive E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in metastatic and nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: predictive and prognostic correlation. Cancer. 113:97–107. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Belani CP, Einzig A, Bonomi P, et al: Multicenter phase II trial of docetaxel and carboplatin in patients with stage IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 11:673–678. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Jahanzeb M, Sarna G, Hirsch R, et al: Docetaxel and carboplatin as first-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a phase II study. Anticancer Res. 24:1239–1242. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Schuette W, Nagel S, von Weikersthal LF, et al: Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel plus carboplatin with or without levofloxacin prophylaxis in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the APRONTA trial. J Thorac Oncol. 6:2090–2096. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Groen HJ, Sietsma H, Vincent A, et al: Randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study of docetaxel plus carboplatin with celecoxib and cyclooxygenase-2 expression as a biomarker for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the NVALT-4 study. J Clin Oncol. 29:4320–4326. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Koch A, Bergman B, Holmberg E, et al; Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group. Effect of celecoxib on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a double blind randomised clinical phase III trial (CYCLUS study) by the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group. Eur J Cancer. 47:1546–1555. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Edelman MJ, Watson D, Wang X, et al: Eicosanoid modulation in advanced lung cancer: cyclooxygenase-2 expression is a positive predictive factor for celecoxib+chemotherapy - Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 30203. J Clin Oncol. 26:848–855. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Wang Z, Duan J, Guo Q, et al: A phase II clinical trial of celecoxib combined with platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC as first-line treatment. Chin J Lung Cancer. 11:425–430. 2008.(In Chinese).

25 

Mendes RT, Stanczyk CP, Sordi R, Otuki MF, dos Santos FA and Fernandes D: Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: risks and benefits. Rev Bras Reumatol. 52:767–782. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Matsui Y, Amano H, Ito Y, et al: Thromboxane A2receptor signaling facilitates tumor colonization through P-selectin-mediated interaction of tumor cells with platelets and endothelial cells. Cancer Sci. 103:700–707. 2012.

27 

Honn KV: Inhibition of tumor cell metastasis by modulation of the vascular prostacyclin/thromboxane A2 system. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1:103–114. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wang ZL, Fan ZQ, Jiang HD and Qu JM: Selective Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer cells via activating MEK-ERK signaling. Carcinogenesis. 34:638–646. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Kozak KR, Milne GL, Bentzen SM and Yock TI: Elevation of prostaglandin E2 in lung cancer patients with digital clubbing. J Thorac Oncol. 7:1877–1878. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sorenson S, Fohlin H, Lindgren A, et al: Predictive role of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor for the effect of celecoxib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 49:115–120. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, et al: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 350:2129–2139. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, et al: Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature. 448:561–566. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Cebola I and Peinado MA: Epigenetic deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer. Prog Lipid Res. 51:301–313. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

de Maat MF, van de Velde CJ, Umetani N, et al: Epigenetic silencing of cyclooxygenase-2 affects clinical outcome in gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol. 25:4887–4894. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Suzuki R, Yamamoto M, Saka H, et al: A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitacel with meloxicam. Lung Cancer. 63:72–76. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

O’Donnell PH and Dolan ME: Cancer pharmacoethnicity: ethnic differences in susceptibility to the effects of chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 15:4806–4814. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yokouchi H, Kanazawa K, Ishida T, Oizumi S, Shinagawa N, Sukoh N, Harada M, Ogura S, Munakata M, Dosaka-Akita H, Dosaka-Akita H, et al: Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2: 744-750, 2014.
APA
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N. ... Nishimura, M. (2014). Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 2, 744-750. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.319
MLA
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N., Harada, M., Ogura, S., Munakata, M., Dosaka-Akita, H., Isobe, H., Nishimura, M."Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2.5 (2014): 744-750.
Chicago
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N., Harada, M., Ogura, S., Munakata, M., Dosaka-Akita, H., Isobe, H., Nishimura, M."Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2, no. 5 (2014): 744-750. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.319
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yokouchi H, Kanazawa K, Ishida T, Oizumi S, Shinagawa N, Sukoh N, Harada M, Ogura S, Munakata M, Dosaka-Akita H, Dosaka-Akita H, et al: Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2: 744-750, 2014.
APA
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N. ... Nishimura, M. (2014). Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 2, 744-750. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.319
MLA
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N., Harada, M., Ogura, S., Munakata, M., Dosaka-Akita, H., Isobe, H., Nishimura, M."Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2.5 (2014): 744-750.
Chicago
Yokouchi, H., Kanazawa, K., Ishida, T., Oizumi, S., Shinagawa, N., Sukoh, N., Harada, M., Ogura, S., Munakata, M., Dosaka-Akita, H., Isobe, H., Nishimura, M."Cyclooxygenase‑2 inhibitors for non‑small‑cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2, no. 5 (2014): 744-750. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2014.319
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team