Clinical presentation and management of uveal melanoma (Review)

Rodríguez,Abelardo; Dueñas-Gonzalez,Alfonso; Delgado-Pelayo,Sarai

doi:10.3892/mco.2016.1037

Clinical presentation and management of uveal melanoma (Review)

Authors:
- Abelardo Rodríguez
- Alfonso Dueñas-Gonzalez
- Sarai Delgado-Pelayo
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Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Association for the Prevention of Blindness in Mexico I.A.P, Mexico City 04030, Mexico, Institute of Biomedical Research, UNAM/National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Published online on: September 27, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2016.1037
Pages: 675-677

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Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. The majority of the patients are Caucasian (97.8%) and aged 50-80 years. Choroidal melanoma is the predominant type (86.3%). The clinical presentation may range from no symptoms over various types of visual disturbances to visual loss. Examination includes slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and diagnostic testing, such as B‑scan ultrasonography. A number of patients with posterior UM are treated with plaque radiation therapy or enucleation. At present, targeted therapy includes inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling pathway. UM disseminates hematogenously, with a high propensity for metastasis to the liver, which the most common site (93% of the cases). While UM is uncommon, a significant proportion of affected patients succumb to this disease and new treatment options to improve patient survival are required.

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