Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9450 Online ISSN: 2049-9469
Journal Cover
October-2017 Volume 7 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2017 Volume 7 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease

  • Authors:
    • Hideyuki Niwa
    • Yoshiro Nakahara
    • Masanori Yokoba
    • Hisashi Mitsufuji
    • Jiichiro Sasaki
    • Noriyuki Masuda
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252‑0374, Japan
  • Pages: 604-608
    |
    Published online on: August 3, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1359
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

There are few established treatments for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The safety and efficacy of albumin‑bound paclitaxel (nab‑paclitaxel) in combination with carboplatin is uncertain, although the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is the most common regimen for treating NSCLC patients with ILD. A total of 9 NSCLC patients with ILD, treated between April 2013 and March 2016, were retrospectively investigated. Carboplatin (AUC 5‑6) was administered on day 1 and nab‑paclitaxel on days 1, 8 and 15, every 4‑6 weeks. The median age of the patients upon initiating chemotherapy was 67 years. The pathological examination revealed 6 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 6 patients exhibited the typical pattern of ILD. The response rate was 55.6%, and the median progression‑free and overall survival time was 174 and 344 days, respectively. Acute exacerbation of ILD was not observed in any of the patients, and febrile neutropenia developed in 3 patients (3/9, 33.3%). Thus, treatment with carboplatin plus nab‑paclitaxel was found to be safe and effective for NSCLC patients with ILD, although management of hematological adverse events, such as febrile neutropenia, was required. However, these encouraging results require confirmation by a large-scale clinical trial.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Kenmotsu H, Naito T, Mori K, Ko R, Ono A, Wakuda K, Imai H, Taira T, Murakami H, Endo M and Takahashi T: Effect of platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 75:521–526. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Minegishi Y, Sudoh J, Kuribayasi H, Mizutani H, Seike M, Azuma A, Yoshimura A, Kudoh S and Gemma A: The safety and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Lung Cancer. 71:70–74. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Shukuya T, Ishiwata T, Hara M, Muraki K, Shibayama R, Koyama R and Takahashi K: Carboplatin plus weekly paclitaxel treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease. Anticancer Res. 30:4357–4361. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Miller KD, Goding-Sauer A, Pinheiro PS, Martinez-Tyson D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:457–480. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kris MG, Johnson BE, Berry LD, Kwiatkowski DJ, Iafrate AJ, Wistuba II, Varella-Garcia M, Franklin WA, Aronson SL, Su PF, et al: Using multiplexed assays of oncogenic drivers in lung cancers to select targeted drugs. JAMA. 311:1998–2006. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, et al: Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 361:947–957. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Solomon BJ, Mok T, Kim DW, Wu YL, Nakagawa K, Mekhail T, Felip E, Cappuzzo F, Paolini J, Usari T, et al: First-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 371:2167–2177. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, et al: Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 373:1627–1639. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, Felip E, Pérez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Molina J, Kim JH, Arvis CD, Ahn MJ, et al: Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 387:1540–1550. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Isobe K, Hata Y, Sakamoto S, Takai Y, Shibuya K and Homma S: Clinical characteristics of acute respiratory deterioration in pulmonary fibrosis associated with lung cancer following anti-cancer therapy. Respirology. 15:88–92. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Minegishi Y, Takenaka K, Mizutani H, Sudoh J, Noro R, Okano T, Azuma A, Yoshimura A, Ando M, Tsuboi E, et al: Exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias associated with lung cancer therapy. Intern Med. 48:665–672. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society: American Thoracic society/European respiratory society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. This joint statement of the American thoracic society (ATS) and the European respiratory society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS executive committee, June 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 165:277–304. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ozawa Y, Suda T, Naito T, Enomoto N, Hashimoto D, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Nakamura H and Chida K: Cumulative incidence of and predictive factors for lung cancer in IPF. Respirology. 14:723–728. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kondoh Y, Taniguchi H, Kawabata Y, Yokoi T, Suzuki K and Takagi K: Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases. Chest. 103:1808–1812. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kudoh S, Kato H, Nishiwaki Y, Fukuoka M, Nakata K, Ichinose Y, Tsuboi M, Yokota S, Nakagawa K, Suga M, et al: Interstitial lung disease in Japanese patients with lung cancer: A cohort and nested case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 177:1348–1357. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Kenmotsu H, Naito T, Kimura M, Ono A, Shukuya T, Nakamura Y, Tsuya A, Kaira K, Murakami H, Takahashi T, et al: The risk of cytotoxic chemotherapy-related exacerbation of interstitial lung disease with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 6:1242–1246. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Socinski MA, Bondarenko I, Karaseva NA, Makhson AM, Vynnychenko I, Okamoto I, Hon JK, Hirsh V, Bhar P, Zhang H, et al: Weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Final results of a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 30:2055–2062. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CA, Azuma A, Behr J, Brozek JL, Collard HR, Cunningham W, Homma S, et al: An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline: Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An update of the 2011 clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 192:e3–e19. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, et al: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 171:1040–1047. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, Tamura T, Nakagawa K, Negoro S, Nishiwaki Y, Saijo N, Ariyoshi Y and Fukuoka M: Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Four-Arm cooperative study in Japan. Ann Oncol. 18:317–323. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Shimizu R, Fujimoto D, Kato R, Otoshi T, Kawamura T, Tamai K, Matsumoto T, Nagata K, Otsuka K, Nakagawa A, et al: The safety and efficacy of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without bevacizumab for treating patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 74:1159–1166. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Enomoto Y, Kenmotsu H, Watanabe N, Baba T, Murakami H, Yoh K, Ogura T, Takahashi T, Goto K and Kato T: Efficacy and safety of combined carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with pre-existing interstitial lung disease: A retrospective multi-institutional study. Anticancer Res. 35:4259–4263. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Sekine A, Satoh H, Baba T, Ikeda S, Okuda R, Shinohara T, Komatsu S, Hagiwara E, Iwasawa T, Ogura T and Kato T: Safety and efficacy of S-1 in combination with carboplatin in non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease: A pilot study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 77:1245–1252. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Kim DS, Park JH, Park BK, Lee JS, Nicholson AG and Colby T: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Frequency and clinical features. Eur Respir J. 27:143–150. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Konishi K, Gibson KF, Lindell KO, Richards TJ, Zhang Y, Dhir R, Bisceglia M, Gilbert S, Yousem SA, Song JW, et al: Gene expression profiles of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 180:167–175. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wootton SC, Kim DS, Kondoh Y, Chen E, Lee JS, Song JW, Huh JW, Taniguchi H, Chiu C, Boushey H, et al: Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 183:698–702. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Ushiki A, Yamazaki Y, Hama M, Yasuo M, Hanaoka M and Kubo K: Viral infections in patients with an acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Respir Investig. 52:65–70. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, Cottin V, Flaherty KR, Hansell DM, Inoue Y, et al: Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 370:2071–2082. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Manzo A, Carillio G, Montanino A, Costanzo R, Sandomenico C, Rocco G and Morabito A: Focus on nintedanib in NSCLC and other tumors. Front Med (Lausanne). 3:682016.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, Brahmer J, Schiller JH, Dowlati A, Lilenbaum R and Johnson DH: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 355:2542–2550. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Niwa H, Nakahara Y, Yokoba M, Mitsufuji H, Sasaki J and Masuda N: Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease. Mol Clin Oncol 7: 604-608, 2017.
APA
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., & Masuda, N. (2017). Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 7, 604-608. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1359
MLA
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., Masuda, N."Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 7.4 (2017): 604-608.
Chicago
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., Masuda, N."Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 7, no. 4 (2017): 604-608. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1359
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Niwa H, Nakahara Y, Yokoba M, Mitsufuji H, Sasaki J and Masuda N: Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease. Mol Clin Oncol 7: 604-608, 2017.
APA
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., & Masuda, N. (2017). Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 7, 604-608. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1359
MLA
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., Masuda, N."Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 7.4 (2017): 604-608.
Chicago
Niwa, H., Nakahara, Y., Yokoba, M., Mitsufuji, H., Sasaki, J., Masuda, N."Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 7, no. 4 (2017): 604-608. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1359
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team