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Review

Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Francesca Caroppo
    • Giulia Tadiotto Cicogna
    • Francesco Messina
    • Mauro Alaibac
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, I‑35128 Padova, Italy
  • Article Number: 66
    |
    Published online on: February 8, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2228
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Abstract

The risk factors for melanoma in adolescents are similar to those in adults; however, it remains unclear whether these risk factors are also associated with melanoma in children. Epidemiological studies in the literature have reported a logarithmic increase in melanoma incidence after the age of 10 years. This may, in part, reflect the acute and chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation during childhood. However, it appears unlikely that the cumulative exposure to UV radiation alone could explain such a sharp increase in melanoma incidence at the beginning of adolescence. It has been suggested that circulating sex hormones, the levels of which increase during puberty, may play a role in melanoma initiation and progression in predisposed individuals through binding to specific sex steroid receptors. The association between a longer cumulative exposure to sex hormones and the risk of melanoma may be supported by the reported epidemiological association between melanoma and several other sex hormone‑related types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer, in which the enhanced exposure to androgens and estrogens was found to be directly associated with pubertal onset. Therefore, determining the association between pubertal onset and melanoma development may improve the current understanding of melanoma pathophysiology.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Caroppo F, Cicogna GT, Messina F and Alaibac M: Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 14: 66, 2021.
APA
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G.T., Messina, F., & Alaibac, M. (2021). Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 14, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2228
MLA
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G. T., Messina, F., Alaibac, M."Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14.4 (2021): 66.
Chicago
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G. T., Messina, F., Alaibac, M."Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14, no. 4 (2021): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2228
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Caroppo F, Cicogna GT, Messina F and Alaibac M: Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 14: 66, 2021.
APA
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G.T., Messina, F., & Alaibac, M. (2021). Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 14, 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2228
MLA
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G. T., Messina, F., Alaibac, M."Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14.4 (2021): 66.
Chicago
Caroppo, F., Cicogna, G. T., Messina, F., Alaibac, M."Association between melanoma and exposure to sex hormones in puberty: A possible window of susceptibility (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14, no. 4 (2021): 66. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2228
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