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Review

General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Shiekhah Mohammad Alzahrani
    • Huda Abdulaziz Al Doghaither
    • Ayat Badr Al‑Ghafari
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Article Number: 271
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    Published online on: November 1, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2433
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Abstract

Cancer is currently among the leading causes of mortality globally. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most common types of cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. This type of cancer arises from mutations in the colonic and rectal epithelial tissues that target oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genes related to DNA repair mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to provide an explanation of CRC classification, which is carried out according to the histological subtype, location and molecular pathways implicated in its development. The pathogenic mechanisms implicated in CRC may involve one of three different molecular pathways: Chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and cytosine preceding guanine island methylator phenotype. In addition, a variety of mutated genes associated with CRC, which affect certain signaling pathways, including DNA mismatch repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptotic pathways, were discussed. Moreover, a brief description of the risk factors and the symptoms associated with CRC was also provided. Finally, the treatment approaches to CRC were outlined.
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Spandidos Publications style
Alzahrani SM, Al Doghaither HA and Al‑Ghafari AB: General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 15: 271, 2021.
APA
Alzahrani, S.M., Al Doghaither, H.A., & Al‑Ghafari, A.B. (2021). General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 15, 271. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2433
MLA
Alzahrani, S. M., Al Doghaither, H. A., Al‑Ghafari, A. B."General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 15.6 (2021): 271.
Chicago
Alzahrani, S. M., Al Doghaither, H. A., Al‑Ghafari, A. B."General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 15, no. 6 (2021): 271. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2433
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Spandidos Publications style
Alzahrani SM, Al Doghaither HA and Al‑Ghafari AB: General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 15: 271, 2021.
APA
Alzahrani, S.M., Al Doghaither, H.A., & Al‑Ghafari, A.B. (2021). General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 15, 271. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2433
MLA
Alzahrani, S. M., Al Doghaither, H. A., Al‑Ghafari, A. B."General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 15.6 (2021): 271.
Chicago
Alzahrani, S. M., Al Doghaither, H. A., Al‑Ghafari, A. B."General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 15, no. 6 (2021): 271. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2433
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