Preliminary study of hypoxia markers in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma

Pangarsa,Eko A.; Wuryantoro,Probo; Naibaho,Ridho M.; Setiawan,Budi; Santosa,Damai; Istiadi,Hermawan; Puspasari,Dik; Suharti,Catharina

doi:10.3892/mco.2022.2573

Preliminary study of hypoxia markers in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma

Authors:
- Eko A. Pangarsa
- Probo Wuryantoro
- Ridho M. Naibaho
- Budi Setiawan
- Damai Santosa
- Hermawan Istiadi
- Dik Puspasari
- Catharina Suharti
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Affiliations: Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia, Department of Medicine, Palangkaraya Hospital, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan 73111, Indonesia, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, A. M. Parikesit Hospital and A. W. Sjahranie Hospital, Mulawarman School of Medicine, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75123, Indonesia, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java 50244, Indonesia
Published online on: July 28, 2022 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2022.2573
Article Number: 140
Copyright: © Pangarsa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

While the association of hypoxia has been established in various types of solid cancers, little is known about its presence and existence in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‑A) in DLBCL and to analyze the association of these factors with several clinical and pathological characteristics. The immunohistochemical protein expression of HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A was investigated in 34 de novo DLBCL tumor samples from January 2017 to December 2017 from the Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology and Anatomical Pathology at Dr Kariadi Hospital (Semarang, Indonesia). The present study revealed by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), that hypoxic markers were overexpressed (88.2% for both HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A) in the vast majority of patients with DLBCL. Only in 4 tumors, was HIF‑1α expression normal, and interestingly VEGF‑A was negative as well. There was a significant correlation in the intensity of staining of HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A using our custom scoring system in surgically resected tissues (r=0.475; P=0.005). Both HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A were also associated to serum LDH and tumor diameter. Collectively, HIF‑1α and VEGF‑A were predominantly expressed in the majority of DLBCL tumor cells. The findings of the present study indicate the existence of hypoxia in DLBCL tumors similar to numerous solid cancers, and thus warrants further investigation to clarify its role as a potential pathogenic or prognostic marker in this type of hematological cancer.

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