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Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Abdul-Mohsen G. Alhejaily
    • Omar Alhuzaim
    • Yazeed Alwelaie
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Alhejaily et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 99
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    Published online on: November 2, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2695
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Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The rarity of this cancer and its aggressive nature make an accurate diagnosis difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and various imaging techniques. Treatment involves a personalized multimodal approach, including surgery, adjuvant therapies and risk stratification. Prognostic factors such as age, tumor characteristics and genetic alterations play a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. Despite advancements, gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease and establishing standardized treatment guidelines. Further research, collaborative efforts and multicenter studies are necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy, develop targeted therapies and biomarkers, and enhance the long‑term management. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of ATC, discussing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, prognostic factors and genetic landscape.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Alhejaily AG, Alhuzaim O and Alwelaie Y: Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 19: 99, 2023.
APA
Alhejaily, A.G., Alhuzaim, O., & Alwelaie, Y. (2023). Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 19, 99. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2695
MLA
Alhejaily, A. G., Alhuzaim, O., Alwelaie, Y."Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 19.6 (2023): 99.
Chicago
Alhejaily, A. G., Alhuzaim, O., Alwelaie, Y."Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 19, no. 6 (2023): 99. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2695
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Alhejaily AG, Alhuzaim O and Alwelaie Y: Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 19: 99, 2023.
APA
Alhejaily, A.G., Alhuzaim, O., & Alwelaie, Y. (2023). Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 19, 99. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2695
MLA
Alhejaily, A. G., Alhuzaim, O., Alwelaie, Y."Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 19.6 (2023): 99.
Chicago
Alhejaily, A. G., Alhuzaim, O., Alwelaie, Y."Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 19, no. 6 (2023): 99. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2695
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