Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9450 Online ISSN: 2049-9469
Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 22 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 22 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database

  • Authors:
    • Mohamed Mohamoud Adan
    • Bowen Hu
    • Minbo Yan
    • Sakarie Mustafe Hidig
    • Yingbo Dai
    • Gonghui Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The fourth affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China, Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China, Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 34
    |
    Published online on: February 18, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2829
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

According to increasing evidence, high‑density lipoproteins (HDLs) may raise prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) levels in the prostate. The link between HDL‑cholesterol (C) and PSA, on the other hand, is debatable and challenging. Hence, the present study examined the relationship between HDL‑C and PSA in men using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. NHANES data were extracted for five cycles from 2001 to 2010. The data used for analysis included PSA concentrations, sociodemographic and laboratory data. After the screening, 6,669 out of 52,195 participants were included in the present study. Participants were divided into four groups based on HDL‑C quartiles. Categorical and continuous variables using weighted chi‑square tests and linear regression models were analysed to compare differences between groups. A total of three weighted multivariate linear regression models were constructed and the association between HDL‑C and PSA using a smoothed curve fit was assessed. In the present study, unadjusted and adjusted multivariate linear regression models revealed a significant positive association between PSA concentrations and serum HDL‑C levels. Specifically, each unit increase in HDL‑C ratio was associated with an increase in PSA concentration by 0.470 ng/ml (P<0.001) in the unadjusted model. In minimally adjusted models, accounting for socioeconomic and demographic factors, this association remained significant, with an increase of 0.408 ng/ml per unit increase in serum HDL‑C (P<0.001). Furthermore, the stratified analysis revealed various impacts based on socioeconomic status and HDL‑C levels, with a significant interaction between household income and HDL‑C levels (P=0.037). Exclusion of subjects with low HDL‑C levels strengthened the association, revealing a significant increase in PSA concentration with higher HDL‑C levels (0.50 ng/ml per 1 mmol/l increase, P=0.009). The findings of the present study suggest a nuanced relationship between HDL‑C levels, socioeconomic factors, and PSA concentrations, highlighting the potential importance of considering these factors in prostate cancer (Pca) screening and risk assessment. The present study found a positive association between serum HDL‑C and PSA concentrations in adult men in the United States without a Pca diagnosis.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Wang L, Lu B, He M, Wang Y, Wang Z and Du L: Prostate cancer incidence and mortality: Global status and temporal trends in 89 countries from 2000 to 2019. Front Public Health. 10(811044)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A and Bray F: Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 71:209–249. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 72:7–33. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Grubb RL III: Prostate cancer: Update on early detection and new biomarkers. Mo Med. 115:132–134. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Narain TA and Sooriakumaran P: Beyond prostate specific antigen: New prostate cancer screening options. World J Mens Health. 40:66–73. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Zappa M, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Määttänen L, Lilja H, et al: Screening and prostate cancer mortality: Results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet. 384:2027–2035. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Carlsson SV and Vickers AJ: Screening for prostate cancer. Med Clin North Am. 104:1051–1062. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Parekh DJ, Punnen S, Sjoberg DD, Asroff SW, Bailen JL, Cochran JS, Concepcion R, David RD, Deck KB, Dumbadze I, et al: A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA Confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 68:464–470. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Buddingh KT, Maatje MGF, Putter H, Kropman RF and Pelger RCM: Do antibiotics decrease prostate-specific antigen levels and reduce the need for prostate biopsy in type IV prostatitis? A systematic literature review. Can Urol Assoc J. 12:E25–E30. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Stattin P, Carlsson S, Holmstrom B, Vickers A, Hugosson J, Lilja H and Jonsson H: Prostate cancer mortality in areas with high and low prostate cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst. 106(dju007)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Tall AR: Cholesterol efflux pathways and other potential mechanisms involved in the athero-protective effect of high density lipoproteins. J Intern Med. 263:256–273. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Murtola TJ, Syvälä H, Pennanen P, Bläuer M, Solakivi T, Ylikomi T and Tammela TL: The importance of LDL and Cholesterol metabolism for prostate epithelial cell growth. PLoS One. 7(e39445)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Platz EA, Clinton SK and Giovannucci E: Association between plasma cholesterol and prostate cancer in the PSA era. Int J Cancer. 123:1693–1698. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Mondul AM, Clipp SL, Helzlsouer KJ and Platz EA: Association between plasma total cholesterol concentration and incident prostate cancer in the CLUE II cohort. Cancer Causes Control. 21:61–68. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm.

16 

Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Virtamo J and Albanes D: Serum total and HDL cholesterol and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 22:1545–1552. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Zhao R, Cheng G, Wang B, Qin C, Liu Y, Pan Y, Wang J, Hua L, Zhu W and Wang Z: BMI and serum lipid parameters predict increasing risk and aggressive prostate cancer in Chinese people. Oncotarget. 8:66051–66060. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Platz EA, Leitzmann MF, Visvanathan K, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC and Giovannucci E: Statin drugs and risk of advanced prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 98:1819–1825. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Mørland JG, Magnus P, Vollset SE, Leon DA, Selmer R and Tverdal A: Associations between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cause-specific mortality in a general population of 345 000 men and women aged 20-79 years. Int J Epidemiol. 52:1257–1267. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Ioannidou A, Watts EL, Perez-Cornago A, Platz EA, Mills IG, Key TJ and Travis RC: PRACTICAL consortium, CRUK BPC3, et al. The relationship between lipoprotein A and other lipids with prostate cancer risk: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Med. 19(e1003859)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Senapati D, Sharma V, Rath SK, Rai U and Panigrahi N: Functional implications and therapeutic targeting of androgen response elements in prostate cancer. Biochimie. 214(Pt B):188–198. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Baio R, Napodano G, Caruana C, Molisso G, Di Mauro U, Intilla O, Pane U, D'Angelo C, Francavilla AB, Guarnaccia C, et al: Association between obesity and frequency of high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy in men: A single-center retrospective study. Mol Clin Oncol. 17(127)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Jamnagerwalla J, Howard LE, Allott EH, Vidal AC, Moreira DM, Castro-Santamaria R, Andriole GL, Freeman MR and Freedland SJ: Serum cholesterol and risk of high-grade prostate cancer: Results from the REDUCE study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 21:252–259. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Van Hemelrijck M, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Walldius G, Jungner I, Hammar N and Lambe M: Prostate cancer risk in the Swedish AMORIS study The interplay among triglycerides, total cholesterol, and glucose. Cancer. 117:2086–2095. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K and Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: An overview. J Epidemiol. 23:313–319. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Van Hemelrijck M, Walldius G, Jungner I, Hammar N, Garmo H, Binda E, Hayday A, Lambe M and Holmberg L: Low levels of apolipoprotein A-I and HDL are associated with risk of prostate cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study. Cancer Causes Control. 22:1011–1019. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Albertsen PC: Prostate cancer screening and treatment: Where have we come from and where are we going? BJU Int. 126:218–224. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Adan MM, Hu B, Yan M, Hidig SM, Dai Y and Li G: Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database. Mol Clin Oncol 22: 34, 2025.
APA
Adan, M.M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S.M., Dai, Y., & Li, G. (2025). Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 22, 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2829
MLA
Adan, M. M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S. M., Dai, Y., Li, G."Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22.4 (2025): 34.
Chicago
Adan, M. M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S. M., Dai, Y., Li, G."Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22, no. 4 (2025): 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2829
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Adan MM, Hu B, Yan M, Hidig SM, Dai Y and Li G: Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database. Mol Clin Oncol 22: 34, 2025.
APA
Adan, M.M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S.M., Dai, Y., & Li, G. (2025). Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 22, 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2829
MLA
Adan, M. M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S. M., Dai, Y., Li, G."Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22.4 (2025): 34.
Chicago
Adan, M. M., Hu, B., Yan, M., Hidig, S. M., Dai, Y., Li, G."Association between high‑density lipoproteins and prostate specific antigen: A cross‑sectional study from NHANES database". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22, no. 4 (2025): 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2829
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team