Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular and Clinical Oncology
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9450 Online ISSN: 2049-9469
Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 23 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2025 Volume 23 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations

  • Authors:
    • Kamil Kowalczyk
    • Maciej Kaczorowski
    • Aleksandra Piotrowska
    • Paweł Kiełb
    • Krzysztof Dudek
    • Adam Gurwin
    • Jakub Karwacki
    • Dariusz Kowalczyk
    • Wojciech Krajewski
    • Tomasz Szydełko
    • Agnieszka Hałoń
    • Piotr Dzięgiel
    • Bartosz Małkiewicz
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: University Centre of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland, Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑368 Wroclaw, Poland, Military Institute of Medicine‑National Research Institute, 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, 50‑981 Wroclaw, Poland, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine in Opole, University of Opole, 45‑052 Opole, Poland
    Copyright: © Kowalczyk et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 92
    |
    Published online on: August 8, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2887
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Despite significant advancements in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics, it remains a challenge for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The aging global population and the established correlation between PCa incidence and advancing age suggest an anticipated rise in cases. Traditional clinicopathological parameters, such as prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason Grade Group, and pT stage, highlight the need for novel biomarkers to improve prognostic accuracy and risk assessment. The present study investigated the role of neuropilin‑1 (NRP‑1) in PCa progression, with a focus on lymph node metastases. Findings reveal that higher NRP‑1 expression is associated with a lower percentage of metastatic lymph nodes (9.5 vs. 15.0%; P=0.027) and significantly lower postoperative PSA levels (0.02 vs. 0.21 ng/ml, P=0.039), both considered favorable prognostic factors. These observations align with prior hypotheses suggesting that NRP‑1's function may depend on its ligand, semaphoring 3A (SEMA3A) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with SEMA3A exhibiting anti‑tumoral properties in hormone‑sensitive PCa. However, NRP‑1 expression showed no correlation with key clinicopathological parameters, such as pT stage or Gleason score, nor did it influence 5‑year survival rates. These results suggest that while NRP‑1 has potential as a biomarker, its prognostic utility as a standalone factor remains limited. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in larger cohorts and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying NRP‑1's role in PCa.
View Figures

Figure 1

NRP-1 expression in prostate cancer
and lymph node samples from 73 patients after radical
prostatectomy. NRP-1, neuropilin-1.

Figure 2

Comparison of the percentage of
positive lymph nodes (transformed data) in groups with high and
low/moderate expression level of NRP-1 in the primary tumors.
NRP1-P, neuropilin-1 expression in prostate cancer.

Figure 3

Comparison of the prostate specific
antigen level after surgery in the group of patients with high and
lower expression level of NRP-1 marker and results of significance
test. NRP1-P, neuropilin-1 expression in prostate cancer.

Figure 4

Representative examples of
neuropilin-1 expression in (A-C) prostate cancer and (D-F) lymph
node metastasis. (A) Low expression, (B) moderate expression, (C)
high expression, (D) low expression, (E) moderate expression and
(F) high expression. Magnification, x200.

Figure 5

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of
patients stratified according to NRP-1 expression in primary
prostate cancers and lymph node metastases. NRP-1, neuropilin-1;
NRP1-P, NRP-1 expression in prostate cancer; NRP1-N, NRP-1
expression in lymph node metastases.
View References

1 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Seraphin TP, Joko-Fru WY, Kamaté B, Chokunonga E, Wabinga H, Somdyala NIM, Manraj SS, Ogunbiyi OJ, Dzamalala CP, Finesse A, et al: Rising prostate cancer incidence in Sub-saharan africa: A trend analysis of data from the african cancer registry network. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 30:158–165. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Culp MB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, Bray F and Jemal A: Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur Urol. 77:38–52. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Schafer EJ, Jemal A, Wiese D, Sung H, Kratzer TB, Islami F, Dahut WL and Knudsen KE: Disparities and trends in genitourinary cancer incidence and mortality in the USA. Eur Urol. 84:117–126. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Rawla P: Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol. 10:63–89. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Bagri A, Tessier-Lavigne M and Watts RJ: Neuropilins in tumor biology. Clin Cancer Res. 15:1860–1864. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Chaudhary B, Khaled YS, Ammori BJ and Elkord E: Neuropilin 1: Function and therapeutic potential in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 63:81–99. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Staton CA, Kumar I, Reed MWR and Brown NJ: Neuropilins in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. J Pathol. 212:237–248. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Guttmann-Raviv N, Kessler O, Shraga-Heled N, Lange T, Herzog Y and Neufeld G: The neuropilins and their role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Cancer Lett. 231:1–11. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Bachelder RE, Crago A, Chung J, Wendt MA, Shaw LM, Robinson G and Mercurio AM: Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for Neuropilin-expressing breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 61:5736–5740. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Parikh AA, Fan F, Liu WB, Ahmad SA, Stoeltzing O, Reinmuth N, Bielenberg D, Bucana CD, Klagsbrun M and Ellis LM: Neuropilin-1 in human colon cancer: Expression, regulation, and role in induction of angiogenesis. Am J Pathol. 164:2139–2151. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Hong TM, Chen YL, Wu YY, Yuan A, Chao YC, Chung YC, Wu MH, Yang SC, Pan SH, Shih JY, et al: Targeting neuropilin 1 as an antitumor strategy in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 13:4759–4768. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Dong Y, Ma WM, Shi ZD, Zhang ZG, Zhou JH, Li Y, Zhang SQ, Pang K, Li BB, Zhang WD, et al: Role of NRP1 in bladder cancer pathogenesis and progression. Front Oncol. 11(685980)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Fakhari M, Pullirsch D, Abraham D, Paya K, Hofbauer R, Holzfeind P, Hofmann M and Aharinejad S: Selective upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors neuropilin-1 and -2 in human neuroblastoma. Cancer. 94:258–263. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kiełb P, Kowalczyk K, Gurwin A, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Sosnowski R, Szydełko T and Małkiewicz B: Novel histopathological biomarkers in prostate cancer: Implications and perspectives. Biomedicines. 11(1552)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Fuh G, Garcia KC and de Vos AM: The interaction of neuropilin-1 with vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor flt-1. J Biol Chem. 275:26690–26695. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Sharma S, Ehrlich M, Zhang M, Blobe GC and Henis YI: NRP1 interacts with endoglin and VEGFR2 to modulate VEGF signaling and endothelial cell sprouting. Commun Biol. 7(112)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Carmeliet P, Ferreira V, Breier G, Pollefeyt S, Kieckens L, Gertsenstein M, Fahrig M, Vandenhoeck A, Harpal K, Eberhardt C, et al: Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele. Nature. 380:435–439. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Ferrara N, Carver-Moore K, Chen H, Dowd M, Lu L, O'Shea KS, Powell-Braxton L, Hillan KJ and Moore MW: Heterozygous embryonic lethality induced by targeted inactivation of the VEGF gene. Nature. 380:439–442. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Zhang S, Zhau HE, Osunkoya AO, Iqbal S, Yang X, Fan S, Chen Z, Wang R, Marshall FF, Chung LW and Wu D: Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates myeloid cell leukemia-1 expression through neuropilin-1-dependent activation of c-MET signaling in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 9(9)2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Zhang P, Chen L, Zhou F, He Z, Wang G and Luo Y: NRP1 promotes prostate cancer progression via modulating EGFR-dependent AKT pathway activation. Cell Death Dis. 14(159)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Rizzolio S, Rabinowicz N, Rainero E, Lanzetti L, Serini G, Norman J, Neufeld G and Tamagnone L: Neuropilin-1-dependent regulation of EGF-receptor signaling. Cancer Res. 72:5801–5811. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Gu C, Limberg BJ, Whitaker GB, Perman B, Leahy DJ, Rosenbaum JS, Ginty DD and Kolodkin AL: Characterization of neuropilin-1 structural features that confer binding to semaphorin 3A and vascular endothelial growth factor 165. J Biol Chem. 277:18069–18076. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Maden CH, Gomes J, Schwarz Q, Davidson K, Tinker A and Ruhrberg C: NRP1 and NRP2 cooperate to regulate gangliogenesis, axon guidance and target innervation in the sympathetic nervous system. Dev Biol. 369:277–285. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Narazaki M and Tosato G: Ligand-induced internalization selects use of common receptor neuropilin-1 by VEGF165 and semaphorin3A. Blood. 107:3892–3901. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Miao HQ, Soker S, Feiner L, Alonso JL, Raper JA and Klagsbrun M: Neuropilin-1 mediates collapsin-1/semaphorin III inhibition of endothelial cell motility: Functional competition of collapsin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-165. J Cell Biol. 146:233–242. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Acevedo LM, Barillas S, Weis SM, Göthert JR and Cheresh DA: Semaphorin 3A suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis yet acts as a vascular permeability factor. Blood. 111:2674–2680. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Goshima Y, Ito T, Sasaki Y and Nakamura F: Semaphorins as signals for cell repulsion and invasion. J Clin Invest. 109:993–998. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Chédotal A, Kerjan G and Moreau-Fauvarque C: The brain within the tumor: New roles for axon guidance molecules in cancers. Cell Death Differ. 12:1044–1056. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Bagnard D, Sainturet N, Meyronet D, Perraut M, Miehe M, Roussel G, Aunis D, Belin MF and Thomasset N: Differential MAP kinases activation during semaphorin3A-induced repulsion or apoptosis of neural progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci. 25:722–731. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Bachelder RE, Lipscomb EA, Lin X, Wendt MA, Chadborn NH, Eickholt BJ and Mercurio AM: Competing autocrine pathways involving alternative neuropilin-1 ligands regulate chemotaxis of carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 63:5230–5233. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Miao HQ, Lee P, Lin H, Soker S and Klagsbrun M: Neuropilin-1 expression by tumor cells promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression. FASEB J. 14:2532–2539. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Tse BWC, Volpert M, Ratther E, Stylianou N, Nouri M, McGowan K, Lehman ML, McPherson SJ, Roshan-Moniri M, Butler MS, et al: Neuropilin-1 is upregulated in the adaptive response of prostate tumors to androgen-targeted therapies and is prognostic of metastatic progression and patient mortality. Oncogene. 36:3417–3427. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Jia H, Cheng L, Tickner M, Bagherzadeh A, Selwood D and Zachary I: Neuropilin-1 antagonism in human carcinoma cells inhibits migration and enhances chemosensitivity. Br J Cancer. 102:541–552. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Buyyounouski MK, Choyke PL, McKenney JK, Sartor O, Sandler HM, Amin MB, Kattan MW and Lin DW: Prostate cancer-major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 67:245–253. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

van Leenders GJLH, van der Kwast TH, Grignon DJ, Evans AJ, Kristiansen G, Kweldam CF, Litjens G, McKenney JK, Melamed J, Mottet N, et al: The 2019 international society of urological pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on grading of prostatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 44:e87–e99. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Brunckhorst O, Darraugh J, Eberli D, De Meerleer G, De Santis M, Farolfi A, et al: EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on prostate Cancer-2024 update. Part I: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol. 86:148–163. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Kiełb P, Kaczorowski M, Kowalczyk K, Piotrowska A, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Chorbińska J, Dudek K, Dzięgiel P, Hałoń A, et al: Role of IL-17A and IL-17RA in prostate cancer with lymph nodes metastasis: Expression patterns and clinical significance. Cancers (Basel). 15(4578)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Talagas M, Uguen A, Garlantezec R, Fournier G, Doucet L, Gobin E, Marcorelles P, Volant A and DE Braekeleer M: VEGFR1 and NRP1 endothelial expressions predict distant relapse after radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer. Anticancer Res. 33:2065–2075. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Vanveldhuizen PJ, Zulfiqar M, Banerjee S, Cherian R, Saxena NK, Rabe A, Thrasher JB and Banerjee SK: Differential expression of Neuropilin-1 in malignant and benign prostatic stromal tissue. Oncol Rep. 10:1067–1071. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yacoub M, Coulon A, Celhay O, Irani J, Cussenot O and Fromont G: Differential expression of the semaphorin 3A pathway in prostatic cancer. Histopathology. 55:392–398. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Hu P, Chung LWK, Berel D, Frierson HF, Yang H, Liu C, Wang R, Li Q, Rogatko A and Zhau HE: Convergent RANK- and c-Met-mediated signaling components predict survival of patients with prostate cancer: An interracial comparative study. PLoS One. 8(e73081)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Detre S, Saclani Jotti G and Dowsett M: A ‘quickscore’ method for immunohistochemical semiquantitation: Validation for oestrogen receptor in breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 48:876–878. 1995.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Fedchenko N and Reifenrath J: Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue-a review. Diagn Pathol. 9(221)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Daneshmand S, Quek ML, Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cai J, Pinski J, Skinner EC and Skinner DG: Prognosis of patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy: Long-term results. J Urol. 172:2252–2255. 2004.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Schumacher MC, Burkhard FC, Thalmann GN, Fleischmann A and Studer UE: Good outcome for patients with few lymph node metastases after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 54:344–352. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Moreira DM, Presti JC Jr, Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ, Amling CL and Freedland SJ: Natural history of persistently elevated prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database. J Urol. 182:2250–2255. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Ploussard G, Fossati N, Wiegel T, D'Amico A, Hofman MS, Gillessen S, Mottet N, Joniau S and Spratt DE: Management of persistently elevated prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: A systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol Oncol. 4:150–169. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Moreira DM, Presti JC Jr, Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ, Amling CL and Freedland SJ: Definition and preoperative predictors of persistently elevated prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. BJU Int. 105:1541–1547. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Preisser F, Chun FKH, Pompe RS, Heinze A, Salomon G, Graefen M, Huland H and Tilki D: Persistent Prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy and its impact on oncologic outcomes. Eur Urol. 76:106–114. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kowalczyk K, Kaczorowski M, Piotrowska A, Kiełb P, Dudek K, Gurwin A, Karwacki J, Kowalczyk D, Krajewski W, Szydełko T, Szydełko T, et al: Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations. Mol Clin Oncol 23: 92, 2025.
APA
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A. ... Małkiewicz, B. (2025). Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 23, 92. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2887
MLA
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A., Karwacki, J., Kowalczyk, D., Krajewski, W., Szydełko, T., Hałoń, A., Dzięgiel, P., Małkiewicz, B."Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 23.4 (2025): 92.
Chicago
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A., Karwacki, J., Kowalczyk, D., Krajewski, W., Szydełko, T., Hałoń, A., Dzięgiel, P., Małkiewicz, B."Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 23, no. 4 (2025): 92. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2887
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kowalczyk K, Kaczorowski M, Piotrowska A, Kiełb P, Dudek K, Gurwin A, Karwacki J, Kowalczyk D, Krajewski W, Szydełko T, Szydełko T, et al: Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations. Mol Clin Oncol 23: 92, 2025.
APA
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A. ... Małkiewicz, B. (2025). Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 23, 92. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2887
MLA
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A., Karwacki, J., Kowalczyk, D., Krajewski, W., Szydełko, T., Hałoń, A., Dzięgiel, P., Małkiewicz, B."Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 23.4 (2025): 92.
Chicago
Kowalczyk, K., Kaczorowski, M., Piotrowska, A., Kiełb, P., Dudek, K., Gurwin, A., Karwacki, J., Kowalczyk, D., Krajewski, W., Szydełko, T., Hałoń, A., Dzięgiel, P., Małkiewicz, B."Neuropilin‑1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 23, no. 4 (2025): 92. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2887
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team