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Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions

  • Authors:
    • Anand Nimbal
    • Bhagyashri Ahirrao
    • Aruna Vishwakarma
    • Prashanth Vishwakarma
    • Alisha Bhushan Wani
    • Asmita Anant Patil
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Dentistry, B M Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijaypura, Karnataka 586103, India, Department of Pathology, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India, Department of Pedodontics, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jawahar Medical Foundation's ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India
    Copyright: © Nimbal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 15
    |
    Published online on: February 15, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.139
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Abstract

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage and carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH) in the blood, as well as serum albumin and total protein levels in SLT users with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. A cross‑sectional, prospective study was conducted on 240 patients aged 30‑60 years, divided into four groups with 60 patients in each group as follows: Group 1, control group, non‑tobacco users; group 2, 60 subjects with a history of SLT use and no oral lesions; group 3, SLT users with precancerous oral lesions; and group 4, SLT users with cancerous lesions. GSH levels in the blood, serum albumin levels and total protein levels were evaluated in all groups. ANOVA and Tukey's test post hoc were used to compare the levels of the biomarkers in all groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the reliability of the biomarkers, and regression analysis was used to determine the associations between the variables. The use of SLT was predominantly observed in males. The mean GSH and serum albumin levels were lowest in group 4 and highest in the control group (P<0.001). The total serum protein levels were higher in group 4 than in group 3. On the whole, as demonstrated herein, GSH and serum albumin were reliable biomarkers, whereas total protein was a weak biomarker. GSH and serum albumin levels may thus be efficiently used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral malignancies in SLT users
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Nimbal A, Ahirrao B, Vishwakarma A, Vishwakarma P, Wani AB and Patil AA: Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Med Int 4: 15, 2024.
APA
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A.B., & Patil, A.A. (2024). Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Medicine International, 4, 15. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.139
MLA
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A. B., Patil, A. A."Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions". Medicine International 4.2 (2024): 15.
Chicago
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A. B., Patil, A. A."Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions". Medicine International 4, no. 2 (2024): 15. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.139
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Nimbal A, Ahirrao B, Vishwakarma A, Vishwakarma P, Wani AB and Patil AA: Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Med Int 4: 15, 2024.
APA
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A.B., & Patil, A.A. (2024). Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Medicine International, 4, 15. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.139
MLA
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A. B., Patil, A. A."Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions". Medicine International 4.2 (2024): 15.
Chicago
Nimbal, A., Ahirrao, B., Vishwakarma, A., Vishwakarma, P., Wani, A. B., Patil, A. A."Comparative evaluation of GSH, total protein and albumin levels in patients using smokeless tobacco with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions". Medicine International 4, no. 2 (2024): 15. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.139
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