Cold agglutinin syndrome as a precursor for the diagnosis of low‑grade lymphoma: A case report

Döngelli,Hüseyin; Özsan,Güner H.

doi:10.3892/mi.2024.211

March-April 2025 Volume 5 Issue 2

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March-April 2025 Volume 5 Issue 2

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Case Report Open Access

Cold agglutinin syndrome as a precursor for the diagnosis of low‑grade lymphoma: A case report

Authors:
- Hüseyin Döngelli
- Güner H. Özsan
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir 35000, Turkey, Department of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir 35000, Turkey

Copyright: © Döngelli et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
Article Number: 12
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Published online on: December 18, 2024

https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2024.211
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Abstract

Cold agglutinin syndrome is a form of acquired hemolytic anemia that typically arises from underlying conditions, such as infections, autoimmune disorders or lymphoid malignancies. The majority of patients remain asymptomatic and are diagnosed with anemia through routine complete blood count (CBC) testing. The present study describes the case of a male patient in his 50s who sought a second opinion at the authors' clinic due to newly detected anemia. A peripheral blood smear revealed red blood cell (RBC) agglutination, and testing confirmed the presence of cold agglutinin antibodies. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography identified a mass in the right kidney, leading to a partial nephrectomy. A pathological examination of the mass confirmed a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. At that time, no secondary cause for the cold agglutinin syndrome was identified. At 2 years following his initial admission, the patient presented with bilaterally enlarging masses in the groin. A biopsy was performed, which revealed low‑grade B‑cell lymphoma. Following R‑CHOP treatment, the RBC agglutination was resolved, and the CBC returned to normal ranges. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that cold agglutinin syndrome may serve as an early indicator of lymphoma.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Cold agglutinin syndrome as a precursor for the diagnosis of low‑grade lymphoma: A case report

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