Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Medicine International
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2754-3242 Online ISSN: 2754-1304
Journal Cover
May-June 2025 Volume 5 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-June 2025 Volume 5 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression

  • Authors:
    • Antigoni Sarantaki
    • Anastasia Nomikou
    • Katerina Tzimourta
    • Eirini Orovou
    • Kleanthi Gourounti
    • Stavroula Barbounaki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece, Biomedical Technology and Digital Health Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece, Midwifery Department, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece, Merchant Marine Academy of Aspropyrgos, 19300 Athens, Greece
    Copyright: © Sarantaki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 30
    |
    Published online on: March 27, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2025.229
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The maternal antenatal attachment scale (MAAS), the pregnancy outcome questionnaire (POQ) and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), among other approaches, have been developed to address pregnancy‑related psychological issues. However, the need to develop and validate effective scales to screen the complex experiences of pregnant women continues to be extensively discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to build and validate fuzzy models that represent the necessary and sufficient causal combinations that lead to higher levels of anxiety regarding pregnancy outcomes, maternal prenatal attachment to the unborn child and depressive symptoms, respectively. For this purpose, measurements from the MAAS, POQ and CESD scales, along with demographic data, were collected from 135 pregnant women, including cases of natural conception (NC) and assisted reproduction (ART) births. Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis (FSQCA) was employed to produce sets of causal combinations, which were validated against their consistency and coverage. These combinations were then used to develop and validate fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) to model the fluctuations in the status of pregnant women. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to utilize FSQCA or FCM to address this issue. The results indicated that the POQ was the distinguishing factor between NC and ART that led to higher MAAS levels. Marital status (MS) and state anxiety were found to lead to higher POQ levels for pregnancies derived from NC. For pregnancies following ART, the factors to consider include income, week of pregnancy, MS, MAAS intensity and trait anxiety. POQ was found to lead to higher levels of CESD for ART pregnancies, while NC, MS and state anxiety are also prerequisites. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the proposed FSQCA‑ and FCM‑based approach enables obstetricians and midwives to incorporate their expertise in evaluating cases on an individual basis, while also providing a framework for creating intelligent systems to support healthcare policy decisions.
View Figures
View References

1 

Davis EP and Narayan AJ: Pregnancy as a period of risk, adaptation, and resilience for mothers and infants. Dev Psychopathol. 32:1625–1639. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

No authors listed. The American college of obstetricians and gynecologists committee opinion no. 630. Screening for perinatal depression. Obstet Gynecol. 125:1268–1271. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Rofé Y, Littner MB and Lewin I: Emotional experiences during the three trimesters of pregnancy. J Clin Psychol. 49:3–12. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Luz R, George A, Vieux R and Spitz E: Antenatal determinants of parental attachment and parenting alliance: How do mothers and fathers differ? Infant Ment Health J. 38:183–197. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Lowdermilk DL, Perry SE, Cashion K, Alden KR and Olshansky EF (eds): Maternity and women's health care, 11th edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2016.

6 

Vismara L, Rollè L, Agostini F, Sechi C, Fenaroli V, Molgora S, Neri E, Prino LE, Odorisio F, Trovato A, et al: Perinatal parenting stress, anxiety, and depression outcomes in first-time mothers and fathers: A 3- to 6-months postpartum follow-up study. Front Psychol. 7(938)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

McNamara J, Townsend M and Herbert JS: A systemic review of maternal wellbeing and its relationship with maternal fetal attachment and early postpartum bonding. PLoS One. 14(e0220032)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Grigoriadis S, VonderPorten EH, Mamisashvili L, Tomlinson G, Dennis CL, Koren G, Steiner M, Mousmanis P, Cheung A, Radford K, et al: The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 74:e321–e341. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Pearlstein T: Depression during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 29:754–764. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Brunton R, Dryer R, Saliba A and Kohlhoff J: The initial development of the pregnancy-related anxiety scale. Women Birth. 32:e118–e130. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Nakamura Y, Takeishi Y, Ito N, Ito M, Atogami F and Yoshizawa T: Comfort with motherhood in late pregnancy facilitates maternal role attainment in early postpartum. Tohoku J Exp Med. 235:53–59. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Brassel A, Townsend ML, Pickard J and Greyner BFS: Maternal perinatal mental health: Associations with bonding, mindfulness, and self-criticism at 18 months' postpartum. Infant Ment Health. 41:69–81. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Răchită AIC, Strete GE, Sălcudean A, Ghiga DV, Rădulescu F, Călinescu M, Nan AG, Sasu AB, Suciu LM and Mărginean C: Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety among women in the last trimester of pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Medicina (Kaunas). 59(1009)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Yedid Sion M, Harlev A, Weintraub AY, Sergienko R and Sheiner E: Is antenatal depression associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 29:863–867. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Bayrampour H, Ali E, McNeil DA, Benzies K, MacQueen G and Tough S: Pregnancy-related anxiety: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 55:115–130. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Hu Y, Kong Y, Fei J, Zhang H and Mei S: Pathways to depressive symptoms in Chinese pregnant women and their influence on delivery approach: A qualitative comparative analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 45(2404011)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Sarmiento I, Paredes-Solís S, Loutfi D, Dion A, Cockcroft A and Andersson N: Fuzzy cognitive mapping and soft models of indigenous knowledge on maternal health in Guerrero, Mexico. BMC Med Res Methodol. 20(125)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Sarmiento I, Dion A, Šajna M and Andersson N: Four analysis moments for fuzzy cognitive mapping in participatory research. Glob Health Action. 17(2430024)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Apostolopoulos ID, Papandrianos NI, Papathanasiou ND and Papageorgiou EI: Fuzzy cognitive map applications in medicine over the last two decades: A review study. Bioengineering (Basel). 11(139)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Wu J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Hu G and Chen C: Probabilistic linguistic fuzzy cognitive maps: Applications to the critical factors affecting the health of rural older adults. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 22(299)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Paykani T, Rafiey H and Sajjadi H: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 131 countries: Which configuration of the structural conditions can explain health better? Int J Equity Health. 17(10)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Hazelzet JA: Can fuzzy logic make things more clear? Crit Care. 13(116)2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Jensen R and de Moraes Lopes MHB: Nursing and fuzzy logic: An integrative review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 19:195–202. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Kiseliova T and Pagava K: Fuzzy approaches in pediatrics. Georgian Med News. 230:38–46. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Raza K: Fuzzy logic based approaches for gene regulatory network inference. Artif Intell Med. 97:189–203. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Thukral S and Rana V: Versatility of fuzzy logic in chronic diseases: A review. Med Hypotheses. 122:150–156. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Liu H and Jeffery CJ: Moonlighting proteins in the fuzzy logic of cellular metabolism. Molecules. 25(3440)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Hamilton EF, Dyachenko A, Ciampi A, Maurel K, Warrick PA and Garite TJ: Estimating risk of severe neonatal morbidity in preterm births under 32 weeks of gestation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 33:73–80. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Elliott T: Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis: An introduction. Research notes, Statistics Group, UCI, 2013.

30 

Sarantaki A, Nomikou A and Raptis A: Validity and reliability of the Greek version of pregnancy outcome questionnaire (POQ). J Mother Child. 26:35–42. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Tsai WH, Huang BY, Liu JY, Tsaur TS and Lin SJ: The application of web ATMs in e-payment industry: A case study. Expert Syst Appl. 37:587–597. 2010.

32 

Kilincci O and Onal SA: Fuzzy AHP approach for supplier selection in a washing machine company. Expert Syst Appl. 38:9656–9664. 2011.

33 

Korjani MM and Mendel JM: Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA): Challenges and applications. 2012 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS). IEEE, pp1-6, 2012.

34 

Skarmeas D, Leonidou CN and Saridakis C: Examining the role of CSR skepticism using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. J Bus Res. 67:1796–1805. 2014.

35 

Kumbure M, Tarkiainen A, Luukk P, Stoklas J and Jantunen A: Relation between managerial cognition and industrial performance: An assessment with strategic cognitive maps using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. J Bus Res. 114:160–172. 2020.

36 

Karnaugh M: The map method for synthesis of combinational logic circuits. In: Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics. Volume 72. IEEE, pp593-599, 1953.

37 

Yamasaki S and Rihoux B: A commented review of applications. In: Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques. Volume 51. SAGE Publications, Inc., pp123-146, 2009.

38 

Barbounaki S, Kardaras DK, Dimtrioglou N and Petrounias I: Profiling using Fuzzy Set QCA for medical diagnosis: The Case of Anemia. The Seventh International Conference on Data Analytics. ISBN: 978-1-61208-681-1, pp55-60, 2018.

39 

Kardaras DK, Kaperonis S, Barbounaki S, Petrounias I and Bithas K: An approach to modelling user interests using TF-IDF and fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis. 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. Rhodes, Greece, pp606-615, 2018.

40 

Bousdekis A, Kardaras DK and Barbounaki S: Hotel quality evaluation from online reviews using fuzzy pattern matching and fuzzy cognitive maps. The Ninth International Conference on Data Analytics. ISBN: 978-1-61208-816-7, pp61-66, 2020.

41 

Kosko B: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Int J Man-Mach Stud. 24:65–75. 1986.

42 

Takács M: Fuzzy cognitive maps and their applications. In: Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). IEEE, pp11-12, 2016.

43 

Kardaras D, Karakostas B and Mamakou XJ: Content presentation personalisation and media adaptation in tourism web sites using fuzzy delphi method and fuzzy cognitive maps. Expert Syst Appl. 40:2331–2342. 2013.

44 

Salehi K and Kohan S: Maternal-fetal attachment: What we know and what we need to know. Int J Pregn Chi Birth. 2:146–148. 2017.

45 

Suryaningsih EK, Gau ML and Wantonoro W: Concept analysis of maternal-fetal attachment. Belitung Nurs J. 6:157–164. 2020.

46 

Cannella BL: Maternal-fetal attachment: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs. 50:60–68. 2005.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Yarcheski A, Mahon NE, Yarcheski TJ, Hanks MM and Cannella BL: A meta-analytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. Int J Nurs Stud. 46:708–715. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Littleton HL, Breitkopf CR and Berenson AB: Correlates of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and association with perinatal outcomes: A meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 196:424–432. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

49 

Rollè L, Giordano M, Santoniccolo F and Trombetta T: Prenatal attachment and perinatal depression: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(2644)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Goecke TW, Voigt F, Faschingbauer F, Spangler G, Beckmann MW and Beetz A: The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre- and postpartum depression in first-time mothers. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 286:309–316. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

51 

Pinarbasi FD, Basar F and Oguc AF: Effect of anxiety and depression levels on pregnancy outcome. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 70(e20230922)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

52 

Rashidi Fakari F, Doulabi MA and Mahmoodi Z: Predict marital satisfaction based on the variables of socioeconomic status (SES) and social support, mediated by mental health, in women of reproductive age: Path analysis model. Brain Behav. 12(e2482)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

53 

Abolghasemi J, Jafari F, Neysani Samani L and Rimaz S: Predictors of marital satisfaction among reproductive-age women based on personality traits: A study in Iran. Cureus. 16(e59610)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

54 

Wang Y, Gu J, Zhang F and Xu X: Path analysis of influencing factors for maternal antenatal depression in the third trimester. Sci Rep. 14(4742)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Lang M, Zhou M, Lei R and Li W: Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between IVF-ET pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies in women of advanced maternal age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 36(2183761)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

56 

Ertmann RK, Bang CW, Kriegbaum M, Væver MS, Kragstrup J, Siersma V, Wilson P, Lutterodt MC and Smith-Nielsen J: What factors are most important for the development of the maternal-fetal relationship? A prospective study among pregnant women in Danish general practice. BMC Psychol. 9(2)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

57 

Zhang L, Wang L, Cui S, Yuan Q, Huang C and Zhou X: Prenatal depression in women in the third trimester: Prevalence, predictive factors, and relationship with maternal-fetal attachment. Front Public Health. 8(602005)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

58 

Andrade C: Sample size and its importance in research. Indian J Psychol Med. 42:102–103. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

59 

Ferreira FAF, Jalali MS and Ferreira JJM: Integrating qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) to enhance the selection of independent variables. J Bus Res. 69:1471–1478. 2016.

60 

Xu X, Tahir SH, Khan KB, Sajid MA and Safdar MA: Beyond regression: Unpacking research of human complex systems with qualitative comparative analysis. Heliyon. 10(e31457)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

61 

Cangialosi N: Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in organizational psychology: Theoretical overview, research guidelines, and A step-by-step tutorial using R software. Span J Psychol. 26(e21)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Kokkinen L: Studying social determinants of health using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis: A worked example. Soc Sci Med. 309(115241)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sarantaki A, Nomikou A, Tzimourta K, Orovou E, Gourounti K and Barbounaki S: Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression. Med Int 5: 30, 2025.
APA
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., & Barbounaki, S. (2025). Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression. Medicine International, 5, 30. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2025.229
MLA
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., Barbounaki, S."Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression". Medicine International 5.3 (2025): 30.
Chicago
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., Barbounaki, S."Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression". Medicine International 5, no. 3 (2025): 30. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2025.229
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sarantaki A, Nomikou A, Tzimourta K, Orovou E, Gourounti K and Barbounaki S: Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression. Med Int 5: 30, 2025.
APA
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., & Barbounaki, S. (2025). Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression. Medicine International, 5, 30. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2025.229
MLA
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., Barbounaki, S."Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression". Medicine International 5.3 (2025): 30.
Chicago
Sarantaki, A., Nomikou, A., Tzimourta, K., Orovou, E., Gourounti, K., Barbounaki, S."Fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis and fuzzy cognitive maps: Exploring pregnancy outcomes and maternal depression". Medicine International 5, no. 3 (2025): 30. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2025.229
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team