Scavenging of blood glutamate for enhancing brain-to-blood glutamate efflux

  • Authors:
    • Yunhong Li
    • Xiaolin Hou
    • Qi Qi
    • Le Wang
    • Lan Luo
    • Shaoqi Yang
    • Yumei Zhang
    • Zhenhua Miao
    • Yanli Zhang
    • Fei Wang
    • Hongyan Wang
    • Weidong Huang
    • Zhenhai Wang
    • Ying Shen
    • Yin Wang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 12, 2013     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1793
  • Pages: 305-310
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Abstract

The presence of excess glutamate in the brain interstitial fluid characterizes several acute pathological conditions of the brain, including traumatic brain injury and stroke. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to eliminate excess glutamate in the brain by decreasing blood glutamate levels and, accordingly, accelerating the brain-to-blood glutamate efflux. It is feasible to accomplish this process by activating blood resident enzymes in the presence of the respective glutamate cosubstrates. In the present study, several glutamate cosubstrates and cofactors were studied in an attempt to identify the optimal conditions to reduce blood glutamate levels. The administration of a mixture of 1 mM pyruvate and oxaloacetate (Pyr/Oxa) for 1 h decreased blood glutamate levels by ≤50%. The addition of lipoamide to this mixture resulted in a further reduction in blood glutamate levels of >80%. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that lipoamide together with Pyr/Oxa is able to decrease blood glutamate levels to a greater extent than Pyr/Oxa alone, and accordingly, this enhances the glutamate efflux from the brain to the blood. These results may outline a novel neuroprotective strategy with increased effectiveness for the removal of excess brain glutamate in various neurodegenerative conditions.
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2014-January
Volume 9 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Li Y, Hou X, Qi Q, Wang L, Luo L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Miao Z, Zhang Y, Wang F, Wang F, et al: Scavenging of blood glutamate for enhancing brain-to-blood glutamate efflux. Mol Med Rep 9: 305-310, 2014.
APA
Li, Y., Hou, X., Qi, Q., Wang, L., Luo, L., Yang, S. ... Wang, Y. (2014). Scavenging of blood glutamate for enhancing brain-to-blood glutamate efflux. Molecular Medicine Reports, 9, 305-310. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1793
MLA
Li, Y., Hou, X., Qi, Q., Wang, L., Luo, L., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Miao, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Wang, H., Huang, W., Wang, Z., Shen, Y., Wang, Y."Scavenging of blood glutamate for enhancing brain-to-blood glutamate efflux". Molecular Medicine Reports 9.1 (2014): 305-310.
Chicago
Li, Y., Hou, X., Qi, Q., Wang, L., Luo, L., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Miao, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Wang, H., Huang, W., Wang, Z., Shen, Y., Wang, Y."Scavenging of blood glutamate for enhancing brain-to-blood glutamate efflux". Molecular Medicine Reports 9, no. 1 (2014): 305-310. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1793