Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure

  • Authors:
    • Tao Wang
    • Wen Gao
    • Kun Xiao
    • Qiang Liu
    • Ruyi Jia
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Tai Shan Medical College, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4259-4265
    |
    Published online on: April 21, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6495
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The association between interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1‑R) in modulating the progression of heart failure (HF) remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of IL‑6 and AT1‑R in a model of HF induced by surgery. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including sham surgery and vehicle groups. The animals were treated for 4 weeks via paraventricular nucleus infusion with either vehicle, losartan (LOS; 200 µg/day), IL‑6 (1 µg/day) or LOS and IL‑6 together (LOS+IL‑6). The rats with HF had higher levels of IL‑6, corticotropin‑releasing hormone (CRH) and norepinephrine (NE), and a lower level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), compared with the rats in the sham surgery group. Treatment with LOS attenuated the decrease in nNOS and the increases in IL‑6, CRH and NE; whereas treatment with IL‑6 facilitated the lower expression of nNOS and higher expression levels of IL‑6, CRH and NE. No differences in the expression levels of nNOS, CRH or NE were found between the LOS group and LOS+IL‑6 group. The results of the study demonstrated that IL‑6 contributed to the progression of HF via the AT1‑R pathway.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE, Kirlin PC, Nicklas J, Liang CS, Kubo SH, Rudin-Toretsky E and Yusuf S: Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). circulation. 82:1724–1729. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Zhang ZH, Francis J, Weiss RM and Felder RB: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system excites hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 283:H423–H433. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Levine B, Kalman J, Mayer L, Fillit HM and Packer M: Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 323:236–241. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Francis J, Chu Y, Johnson AK, Weiss RM and Felder RB: Acute myocardial infarction induces hypothalamic cytokine synthesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 286:H2264–H2271. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Guggilam A, Haque M, Kerut EK, McIlwain E, Lucchesi P, Seghal I and Francis J: TNF-alpha blockade decreases oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus and attenuates sympathoexcitation in heart failure rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 293:H599–H609. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Dawson VL and Dawson TM: Nitric oxide neurotoxicity. J Chem Neuroanat. 10:179–190. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Liu Q, Wang T, Yu H, Liu B and Jia R: Interaction between interleukin-1 beta and angiotensin II receptor 1 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 34:870–875. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

8 

Wei P, Yang XJ, Fu Q, Han B, Ling L, Bai J, Zong B and Jiang CY: Intermedin attenuates myocardial infarction through activation of autophagy in a rat model of ischemic heart failure via both cAMP and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8:9836–9844. 2015.

9 

Duan HY, Liu DM, Qian P, Wang SL, Yan LJ, Wu JT, Yang HT, Fan XW and Chu YJ: Effect of atorvastatin on plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with heart failure. Genet Mol Res. 14:15739–15748. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Demissei BG, Valente MA, Cleland JG, O'Connor CM, Metra M, Ponikowski P, Teerlink JR, Cotter G, Davison B, Givertz MM, et al: Optimizing clinical use of biomarkers in high-risk acute heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 18:269–280. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Bielecka-Dabrowa A, von Haehling S, Aronow WS, Ahmed MI, Rysz J and Banach M: Heart failure biomarkers in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 168:2404–2410. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Patel KP, Zhang K, Zucker IH and Krukoff TL: Decreased gene expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in hypothalamus and brainstem of rats in heart failure. Brain Res. 734:109–115. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Li BF, Liu YF, Cheng Y, Zhang KZ, Li TM and Zhao N: Protective effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on pancreas transplantation in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 13:6066–6071. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar :

14 

Rajagopalan S, Kurz S, Münzel T, Tarpey M, Freeman BA, Griendling KK and Harrison DG: Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 97:1916–1923. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar :

15 

Jang JH, Chun JN, Godo S, Wu G, Shimokawa H, Jin CZ, Jeon JH, Kim SJ, Jin ZH and Zhang YH: ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent trafficking of angiotensin II type 2 receptor begets neuronal NOS in cardiac myocytes. Basic Res Cardiol. 110:212015. View Article : Google Scholar :

16 

Ratliff BB, Sekulic M, Rodebaugh J and Solhaug MJ: Angiotensin II regulates NOS expression in afferent arterioles of the developing porcine kidney. Pediatr Res. 68:29–34. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

17 

National Research Council (US) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, . Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1996

18 

Kumar SM Mohan, Kumar PS Mohan and Quadri SK: Specificity of interleukin-1beta-induced changes in monoamine concentrations in hypothalamic nuclei: Blockade by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Brain Res Bull. 47:29–34. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Cao H, Wen G and Li H: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep. 9:1755–1760. 2014.

20 

Campioli E, Batarseh A, Li J and Papadopoulos V: The endocrine disruptor mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate affects the differentiation of human liposarcoma cells (SW 872). PLoS One. 6:e287502011. View Article : Google Scholar :

21 

Sousa LE, Magalhães WG, Bezerra FS, Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Isoldi MC and Alzamora AC: Exercise training restores oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthases in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of renovascular hypertensive rats. Free Radic Res. 49:1335–1343. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Ge JF, Xu YY, Qin G, Peng YN, Zhang CF, Liu XR, Liang LC, Wang ZZ and Chen FH: Depression-like behavior induced by Nesfatin-1 in rats: Involvement of increased immune activation and imbalance of synaptic vesicle proteins. Front Neurosci. 9:4292015. View Article : Google Scholar :

23 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, Carnethon MR, Dai S, de Simone G, Ford ES, et al: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 123:e18–e29. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Watson AM, Hood SG and May CN: Mechanisms of sympathetic activation in heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 33:1269–1274. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Floras JS: Sympathetic activation in human heart failure: dIverse mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities. Acta Physiol Scand. 177:391–398. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Gao L, Wang W, Liu D and Zucker IH: Exercise training normalizes sympathetic outflow by central antioxidant mechanisms in rabbits with pacing-induced chronic heart failure. Circulation. 115:3095–3102. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Aronson D and Burger AJ: Concomitant beta-blocker therapy is associated with a lower occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 8:79–85. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Kowalewski M, Urban M, Mroczko B and Szmitkowski M: Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum of young people with ventricular arrhythmias. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 108:647–651. 2002.(In Polish).

30 

Kang YM, Yang Q, Yu XJ, Qi J, Zhang Y, Li HB, Su Q and Zhu GQ: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus activation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in rats with heart failure. Regen Med Res. 2:22014. View Article : Google Scholar :

31 

Ramchandra R and Barrett CJ: Regulation of the renal sympathetic nerves in heart failure. Front Physiol. 6:2382015. View Article : Google Scholar :

32 

Kang YM, Zhang AQ, Zhao XF, Cardinale JP, Elks C, Cao XM, Zhang ZW and Francis J: Paraventricular nucleus corticotrophin releasing hormone contributes to sympathoexcitation via interaction with neurotransmitters in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol. 106:473–483. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

33 

Yildiz M, Hasdemir H, Turkkan C, Astarcioglu MA, Alper AT, Sahin A and Ozkan M: Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on arterial distensibility and serum norepinephrine levels in advanced heart failure. Cardiol J. 20:304–309. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Timmermans PB, Duncia JV, Carini DJ, Chiu AT, Wong PC, Wexler RR and Smith RD: Discovery of losartan, the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist. J Hum Hypertens. 9 Suppl 5:S3–S18. 1995.

35 

Wang Y, Patel KP, Cornish KG, Channon KM and Zucker IH: nNOS gene transfer to RVLM improves baroreflex function in rats with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 285:H1660–H1667. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Mann DL: Inflammatory mediators and the failing heart: Past, present, and the foreseeable future. Circ Res. 91:988–998. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Anker SD and von Haehling S: Inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure: An overview. Heart. 90:464–470. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar :

38 

Romano M, Sironi M, Toniatti C, Polentarutti N, Fruscella P, Ghezzi P, Faggioni R, Luini W, Van Hinsbergh V, Sozzani S, et al: Role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in induction of chemokines and leukocyte recruitment. Immunity. 6:315–325. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Marshall LF: Head injury: Recent past, present, and future. Neurosurgery. 47:546–561. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Deten A, Volz HC, Briest W and Zimmer HG: Cardiac cytokine expression is upregulated in the acute phase after myocardial infarction. Experimental studies in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 55:329–340. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Benedict C, Oral H, Young JB and Mann DL: Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: A report from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). J Am Coll Cardiol. 27:1201–1206. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Helwig BG, Musch T, Craig RA and Kenney MJ: Increased interleukin-6 receptor expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 292:R1165–1173. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

43 

Su Q, Liu JJ, Cui W, Shi XL, Guo J, Li HB, Huo CJ, Miao YW, Zhang M, Yang Q and Kang YM: Alpha lipoic acid supplementation attenuates reactive oxygen species in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and sympathoexcitation in high salt-induced hypertension. Toxicol Lett. 241:152–158. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Stojanović M, Šćepanović L, Hrnčić D, Rašić-Marković A, Djuric D and Stanojlović O: Multidisciplinary approach to nitric oxide signaling: Focus on the gastrointestinal and the central nervous system. Vojnosanitetski Pregled. 72:619–624. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Cheng WH, Lu PJ, Ho WY, Tung CS, Cheng PW, Hsiao M and Tseng CJ: Angiotensin II inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation through the ERK1/2-RSK signaling pathway to modulate central control of blood pressure. Circ Res. 106:788–795. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Capettini LS, Cortes SF, Silva JF, Alvarez-Leite JI and Lemos VS: Decreased production of neuronal NOS-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol. 164:1738–1748. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

47 

Liu JL, Murakami H and Zucker IH: Angiotensin II-nitric oxide interaction on sympathetic outflow in conscious rabbits. Circ Res. 82:496–502. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

48 

Zhang K, Zucker IH and Patel KP: Altered number of diaphorase (NOS) positive neurons in the hypothalamus of rats with heart failure. Brain Res. 786:219–225. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang T, Gao W, Xiao K, Liu Q and Jia R: Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. Mol Med Rep 15: 4259-4265, 2017.
APA
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., & Jia, R. (2017). Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 4259-4265. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6495
MLA
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., Jia, R."Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.6 (2017): 4259-4265.
Chicago
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., Jia, R."Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 6 (2017): 4259-4265. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6495
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang T, Gao W, Xiao K, Liu Q and Jia R: Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. Mol Med Rep 15: 4259-4265, 2017.
APA
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., & Jia, R. (2017). Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 4259-4265. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6495
MLA
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., Jia, R."Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.6 (2017): 4259-4265.
Chicago
Wang, T., Gao, W., Xiao, K., Liu, Q., Jia, R."Interaction between interleukin‑6 and angiotensin II receptor 1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contributes to progression of heart failure". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 6 (2017): 4259-4265. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6495
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team