Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 15 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia

  • Authors:
    • In Koo Hwang
    • Joon Ha Park
    • Tae‑Kyeong Lee
    • Dae Won Kim
    • Ki‑Yeon Yoo
    • Ji Hyeon Ahn
    • Yang Hee Kim
    • Jun Hwi Cho
    • Young‑Myeong Kim
    • Moo‑Ho Won
    • Seung Myung Moon
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea, Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea, Department of Oral Anatomy, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18450, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Hwang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4148-4154
    |
    Published online on: April 28, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6525
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Activated M1 microglia secrete proinflammatory cytokines into damaged brain areas. The present study examined activated M1 microglial morphology and expression in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 region, which is vulnerable to transient ischemia. Transient cerebral ischemia was performed for 5 min in gerbils, and neuronal death in the CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia was confirmed using cresyl violet staining, neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro‑Jade B histofluorescent staining. In addition, CA1 regions were stained for cluster of differentiation (CD) 74, a marker for activated M1 microglia and a ligand for macrophage migration inhibitory factor In sham‑operated animals, no CD74 immunoreactivity was observed in the hippocampal CA1 region. CD74 immunoreactivity was not observed in the hippocampal CA1 region until 3 days post‑ischemic insult; however, elevated CD74 immunoreactivity was detected in the CA1 region from 5 days post‑ischemia. Double immunofluorescence staining for CD74 and ionized calcium‑binding adapter molecule 1, a marker for M1 microglial cells, confirmed the expression of CD74 on this microglial subtype. These results indicated that M1 microglia are activated late in the hippocampal CA1 region following ischemic stroke. Therefore, optimizing the timing of therapeutic intervention may reduce activated M1 microglial-induced neuronal damage.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Danton GH and Dietrich WD: Inflammatory mechanisms after ischemia and stroke. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 62:127–136. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Stoll G and Jander S: The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS. Prog Neurobiol. 58:233–247. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Kreutzberg GW: Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 19:312–318. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lees GJ: The possible contribution of microglia and macrophages to delayed neuronal death after ischemia. J Neurol Sci. 114:119–122. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Stoll G, Jander S and Schroeter M: Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions. Prog Neurobiol. 56:149–171. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Kato H: The role of microglia in ischemic brain injuryInflammation and Stroke. Springer; pp. 89–99. 2001, View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Nakajima K, Tsuzaki N, Shimojo M, Hamanoue M and Kohsaka S: Microglia isolated from rat brain secrete a urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Brain Res. 577:285–292. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Vaca K and Wendt E: Divergent effects of astroglial and microglial secretions on neuron growth and survival. Exp Neurol. 118:62–72. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Colton CA and Gilbert DL: Production of superoxide anions by a CNS macrophage, the microglia. FEBS Lett. 223:284–288. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Han HS, Qiao Y, Karabiyikoglu M, Giffard RG and Yenari MA: Influence of mild hypothermia on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and reactive nitrogen production in experimental stroke and inflammation. J Neurosci. 22:3921–3928. 2002.

11 

Stumm R, Culmsee C, Schafer MK, Krieglstein J and Weihe E: Adaptive plasticity in tachykinin and tachykinin receptor expression after focal cerebral ischemia is differentially linked to gabaergic and glutamatergic cerebrocortical circuits and cerebrovenular endothelium. J Neurosci. 21:798–811. 2001.

12 

Maeda Y, Matsumoto M, Hori O, Kuwabara K, Ogawa S, Yan SD, Ohtsuki T, Kinoshita T, Kamada T and Stern DM: Hypoxia/reoxygenation-mediated induction of astrocyte interleukin 6: A paracrine mechanism potentially enhancing neuron survival. J Exp Med. 180:2297–2308. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar :

13 

Suzuki S, Tanaka K, Nogawa S, Nagata E, Ito D, Dembo T and Fukuuchi Y: Temporal profile and cellular localization of interleukin-6 protein after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 19:1256–1262. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Kim DW, Choi SY, Kang TC, Kim YS and Won MH: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunoreactive cells change in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after ischemia/reperfusion. Neurochem Res. 31:957–965. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kigerl KA, Gensel JC, Ankeny DP, Alexander JK, Donnelly DJ and Popovich PG: Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord. J Neurosci. 29:13435–13444. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

16 

Hu X, Li P, Guo Y, Wang H, Leak RK, Chen S, Gao Y and Chen J: Microglia/macrophage polarization dynamics reveal novel mechanism of injury expansion after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 43:3063–3070. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Perego C, Fumagalli S and De Simoni MG: Temporal pattern of expression and colocalization of microglia/macrophage phenotype markers following brain ischemic injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 8:1742011. View Article : Google Scholar :

18 

Sudduth TL, Schmitt FA, Nelson PT and Wilcock DM: Neuroinflammatory phenotype in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 34:1051–1059. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Frieler RA, Meng H, Duan SZ, Berger S, Schütz G, He Y, Xi G, Wang MM and Mortensen RM: Myeloid-specific deletion of the mineralocorticoid receptor reduces infarct volume and alters inflammation during cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 42:179–185. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Liu YR, Lei RY, Wang CE, Zhang BA, Lu H, Zhu HC and Zhang GB: Effects of catalpol on ATPase and amino acids in gerbils with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neurol Sci. 35:1229–1233. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Min D, Mao X, Wu K, Cao Y, Guo F, Zhu S, Xie N, Wang L, Chen T, Shaw C and Cai J: Donepezil attenuates hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive deficits after global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Neurosci Lett. 510:29–33. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Qi J, Li Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Sung Y, Cao J, Zhao Y and Wang F: A novel conjugate of low-molecular-weight heparin and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase: Study on its mechanism in preventing brain reperfusion injury after ischemia in gerbils. Brain Res. 1260:76–83. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Zhang YB, Kan MY, Yang ZH, Ding WL, Yi J, Chen HZ and Lu Y: Neuroprotective effects of N-stearoyltyrosine on transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Brain Res. 1287:146–156. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council, . Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th. National Academies Press; Washington, DC: pp. 2202011

25 

Lee CH, Park JH, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Ryu PD, Kim DH, Kwon YG, Kim YM and Won MH: Pre- and post-treatments with escitalopram protect against experimental ischemic neuronal damage via regulation of BDNF expression and oxidative stress. Exp Neurol. 229:450–459. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Park JH, Shin BN, Chen BH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Lee JC, Lee CH, Kim YM, et al: Neuroprotection and reduced gliosis by atomoxetine pretreatment in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci. 359:373–380. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Schmued LC and Hopkins KJ: Fluoro-Jade B: A high affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration. Brain Res. 874:123–130. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Lee CH, Park JH, Cho JH, Ahn JH, Yan BC, Lee JC, Shin MC, Cheon SH, Cho YS, Cho JH, et al: Changes and expressions of Redd1 in neurons and glial cells in the gerbil hippocampus proper following transient global cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci. 344:43–50. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Loskota WJ, Lomax P and Verity MA: A stereotaxic atlas of the mongolian gerbil brain (Meriones unguiculatus). Mich Ann Arbor Science. 1974.

30 

Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Cho JH, Kim SK, Lee YL, Shin HC and Won MH: Comparison of glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbils after transient cerebral ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 32:1127–1138. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Finsen BR, Jørgensen MB, Diemer NH and Zimmer J: Microglial MHC antigen expression after ischemic and kainic acid lesions of the adult rat hippocampus. Glia. 7:41–49. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Imai Y, Ibata I, Ito D, Ohsawa K and Kohsaka S: A novel gene iba1 in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 224:855–862. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Ito D, Imai Y, Ohsawa K, Nakajima K, Fukuuchi Y and Kohsaka S: Microglia-specific localisation of a novel calcium binding protein, Iba1. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 57:1–9. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Gehrmann J, Bonnekoh P, Miyazawa T, Hossmann KA and Kreutzberg GW: Immunocytochemical study of an early microglial activation in ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 12:257–269. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Gehrmann J, Bonnekoh P, Miyazawa T, Oschlies U, Dux E, Hossmann KA and Kreutzberg GW: The microglial reaction in the rat hippocampus following global ischemia: Immuno-electron microscopy. Acta Neuropathol. 84:588–595. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Kirino T: Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia. Brain Res. 239:57–69. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar

37 

Miyawaki S, Imai H, Hayasaka T, Masaki N, Ono H, Ochi T, Ito A, Nakatomi H, Setou M and Saito N: Imaging mass spectrometry detects dynamic changes of phosphatidylcholine in rat hippocampal CA1 after transient global ischemia. Neuroscience. 322:66–77. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB and Plum F: Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol. 11:491–498. 1982. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Leng L, Metz CN, Fang Y, Xu J, Donnelly S, Baugh J, Delohery T, Chen Y, Mitchell RA and Bucala R: MIF signal transduction initiated by binding to CD74. J Exp Med. 197:1467–1476. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar :

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang IK, Park JH, Lee TK, Kim DW, Yoo KY, Ahn JH, Kim YH, Cho JH, Kim YM, Won MH, Won MH, et al: CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 15: 4148-4154, 2017.
APA
Hwang, I.K., Park, J.H., Lee, T., Kim, D.W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J.H. ... Moon, S.M. (2017). CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 4148-4154. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6525
MLA
Hwang, I. K., Park, J. H., Lee, T., Kim, D. W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, Y., Won, M., Moon, S. M."CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.6 (2017): 4148-4154.
Chicago
Hwang, I. K., Park, J. H., Lee, T., Kim, D. W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, Y., Won, M., Moon, S. M."CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 6 (2017): 4148-4154. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6525
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hwang IK, Park JH, Lee TK, Kim DW, Yoo KY, Ahn JH, Kim YH, Cho JH, Kim YM, Won MH, Won MH, et al: CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 15: 4148-4154, 2017.
APA
Hwang, I.K., Park, J.H., Lee, T., Kim, D.W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J.H. ... Moon, S.M. (2017). CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 4148-4154. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6525
MLA
Hwang, I. K., Park, J. H., Lee, T., Kim, D. W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, Y., Won, M., Moon, S. M."CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 15.6 (2017): 4148-4154.
Chicago
Hwang, I. K., Park, J. H., Lee, T., Kim, D. W., Yoo, K., Ahn, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, Y., Won, M., Moon, S. M."CD74-immunoreactive activated M1 microglia are shown late in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 15, no. 6 (2017): 4148-4154. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6525
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team