Iguratimod prevents ovariectomy‑induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ

Wu,Ying‑Xing; Sun,Yue; Ye,Ya‑Ping; Zhang,Peng; Guo,Jia‑Chao; Huang,Jun‑Ming; Jing,Xing‑Zhi; Xiang,Wei; Yu,Shi‑Ying; Guo,Feng‑Jing

doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7648

Iguratimod prevents ovariectomy‑induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ

Authors:
- Ying‑Xing Wu
- Yue Sun
- Ya‑Ping Ye
- Peng Zhang
- Jia‑Chao Guo
- Jun‑Ming Huang
- Xing‑Zhi Jing
- Wei Xiang
- Shi‑Ying Yu
- Feng‑Jing Guo
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Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China, Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
Published online on: September 28, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7648
Pages: 8200-8208
Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Iguratimod is known for its anti‑inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It has previously been demonstrated that iguratimod attenuates bone destruction and osteoclast formation in the Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cell‑induced bone cancer pain model. Therefore, it was hypothesized that iguratimod may additionally exhibit therapeutic effects on benign osteoclast‑associated diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present study, ovariectomized mice were used to investigate the effects of iguratimod in vivo. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured to detect the effects of iguratimod on receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL)‑induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and the molecular mechanisms involved. It was demonstrated that iguratimod may prevent ovariectomy‑induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclast activity in vivo. Consistently, iguratimod may inhibit RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in primary bone marrow mononuclear cells. At the molecular level, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ (PPAR‑γ)/c‑Fos pathway, which is essential in RANKL‑induced osteoclast differentiation, was suppressed by iguratimod. Subsequently, iguratimod decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and downstream osteoclast marker genes. The results of the present study demonstrated that iguratimod may inhibit ovariectomy‑induced bone loss and osteoclastogenesis by modulating RANKL signaling. Therefore, iguratimod may act as a novel therapeutic to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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