Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4

Retraction in: /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003
  • Authors:
    • Yudi Zhu
    • Siliang Shao
    • Huafeng Pan
    • Zhongliang Cheng
    • Xin Rui
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Urology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
  • Pages: 4803-4810
    |
    Published online on: January 10, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8417
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Accumulated evidence suggests that PCa initiation and progression are controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, investigating PCa‑associated miRNAs may provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PCa. In the present study it was demonstrated that miRNA‑136 (miR‑136) expression was significantly downregulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. The resumption of miR‑136 expression suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) was a direct target of miR‑136. This prediction was experimentally confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay, RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis. MAP2K4 was highly expressed in PCa tissues and inversely correlated with the miR‑136 expression level. Additionally, the restoration of MAP2K4 expression significantly blocked the inhibitory effects of miR‑136 on cell proliferation and invasion in PCa cells. Therefore, miR‑136 may suppress the proliferation and invasion of PCa cells by targeting MAP2K4 and may be a novel candidate target for cancer therapy against PCa.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Peyromaure EM, Mao K, Sun Y, Xia S, Jiang N, Zhang S, Wang G, Liu Z and Debré B: A comparative study of prostate cancer detection and management in China and in France. Can J Urol. 16:4472–4477. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, Zhang S, Zeng H, Bray F, Jemal A, Yu XQ and He J: Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:115–132. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Wu D, Zhou Y, Pan H, Qu P and Zhou J: MicroRNA99a inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep. 11:1469–1475. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Rubin MA, Maher CA and Chinnaiyan AM: Common gene rearrangements in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 29:3659–3668. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Deng X, He G, Liu J, Luo F, Peng X, Tang S, Gao Z, Lin Q, Keller JM, Yang T and Keller ET: Recent advances in bone-targeted therapies of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 40:730–738. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:5–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Souza AG, Bastos VAF, Silva IBB, Marangoni K and Goulart VA: Different gene therapy strategies: A overview for prostate cancer. Curr Gene Ther. 16:287–291. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Koupparis A and Gleave ME: Multimodal approaches to high-risk prostate cancer. Curr Oncol. 17 Suppl 2:S33–S37. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Lee YS and Dutta A: MicroRNAs: Small but potent oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 7:560–564. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell. 136:215–233. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Krol J, Loedige I and Filipowicz W: The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet. 11:597–610. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Fazi F and Blandino G: MicroRNAs: Non coding pleiotropic factors in development, cancer prevention and treatment. Microrna. 2:812013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Massillo C, Dalton GN, Farré PL, De Luca P and De Siervi A: Implications of microRNA dysregulation in the development of prostate cancer. Reproduction. 154:R81–R97. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Ambs S, Cimmino A, Petrocca F, Visone R, Iorio M, Roldo C, Ferracin M, et al: A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:pp. 2257–2261. 2006; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS, Croce CM and Calin GA: SnapShot: MicroRNAs in cancer. Cell. 137:586. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Calin GA and Croce CM: MicroRNA signatures in human cancers. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:857–866. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Zheng J, Ge P, Liu X, Wei J, Wu G and Li X: miR-136 inhibits gastric cancer-specific peritoneal metastasis by targeting HOXC10. Tumour Biol. 39:10104283177062072017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yan M, Li X, Tong D, Han C, Zhao R, He Y and Jin X: miR-136 suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting RASAL2 in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Rep. 36:65–71. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Chen W, Yang Y, Chen B, Lu P, Zhan L, Yu Q, Cao K and Li Q: miR-136 targets E2F1 to reverse cisplatin chemosensitivity in glioma cells. J Neurooncol. 120:43–53. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C (T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pavese JM, Ogden IM, Voll EA, Huang X, Xu L, Jovanovic B and Bergan RC: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) promotes human prostate cancer metastasis. PLoS One. 9:e1022892014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Wan X, Huang W, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Kong Z, Li T, Wu H, Jing F and Li Y: Androgen-induced miR-27A acted as a tumor suppressor by targeting MAP2K4 and mediated prostate cancer progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 79:249–260. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Lotan TL, Lyon M, Huo D, Taxy JB, Brendler C, Foster BA, Stadler W and Rinker-Schaeffer CW: Up-regulation of MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 during prostate cancer progression: An important role for SAPK signalling in prostatic neoplasia. J Pathol. 212:386–394. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Sun Y, Jia X, Hou L and Liu X: Screening of differently expressed miRNA and mRNA in prostate cancer by integrated analysis of transcription data. Urology. 94:313.e1–e6. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Wang Z, Xu L, Hu Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang M, et al: miRNA let-7b modulates macrophage polarization and enhances tumor-associated macrophages to promote angiogenesis and mobility in prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 6:256022016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Li JZ, Li J, Wang HQ, Li X, Wen B and Wang YJ: miR-141-3p promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through inhibiting kruppel-like factor-9 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 482:1381–1386. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Jeong JY, Kang H, Kim TH, Kim G, Heo JH, Kwon AY, Kim S, Jung SG and An HJ: MicroRNA-136 inhibits cancer stem cell activity and enhances the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel against chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells by targeting Notch3. Cancer Lett. 386:168–178. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yuan Q, Cao G, Li J, Zhang Y and Yang W: MicroRNA-136 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion through targeting liver receptor homolog-1/Wnt signaling. Gene. 628:48–55. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Wang JJ, Li ZF, Li XJ, Han Z, Zhang L and Liu ZJ: Effects of microRNA-136 on melanoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targetting PMEL through the Wnt signaling pathway. Biosci Rep. 37:BSR201707432017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Shen S, Yue H, Li Y, Qin J, Li K, Liu Y and Wang J: Upregulation of miR-136 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells promotes Erk1/2 activation by targeting PPP2R2A. Tumour Biol. 35:631–640. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yang Y, Wu J, Guan H, Cai J, Fang L, Li J and Li M: MiR-136 promotes apoptosis of glioma cells by targeting AEG-1 and Bcl-2. FEBS Lett. 586:3608–3612. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wu H, Liu Q, Cai T, Chen YD, Liao F and Wang ZF: MiR-136 modulates glioma cell sensitivity to temozolomide by targeting astrocyte elevated gene-1. Diagn Pathol. 9:1732014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Zhao H, Liu S, Wang G, Wu X, Ding Y, Guo G, Jiang J and Cui S: Expression of miR-136 is associated with the primary cisplatin resistance of human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep. 33:591–598. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yoshida BA, Dubauskas Z, Chekmareva MA, Christiano TR, Stadler WM and Rinker-Schaeffer CW: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/stress-activated protein/Erk kinase 1 (MKK4/SEK1), a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene encoded by human chromosome 17. Cancer Res. 59:5483–5487. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Tesser-Gamba F, Petrilli AS, de Seixas Alves MT, Filho RJ, Juliano Y and Toledo SR: MAPK7 and MAP2K4 as prognostic markers in osteosarcoma. Hum Pathol. 43:994–1002. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Wu X, Gong Z, Sun L, Ma L and Wang Q: MicroRNA-802 plays a tumour suppressive role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through directly targeting MAP2K4. Cell Prolif. 50:2017. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

Liu S, Liu YY and Li R: Expressions of MAP2K4 and estrogen receptor and their clinical significance in invasive breast cancer. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 37:488–493. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

39 

Wang L, Pan Y and Dai JL: Evidence of MKK4 pro-oncogenic activity in breast and pancreatic tumors. Oncogene. 23:5978–5985. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Yeasmin S, Nakayama K, Rahman MT, Rahman M, Ishikawa M, Katagiri A, Iida K, Nakayama N and Miyazaki K: MKK4 acts as a potential tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol. 32:661–670. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Ishikawa M, Nakayama K, Rahman MT, Rahman M, Katagiri A, Iida K and Miyazaki K: Functional and clinicopathological analysis of loss of MKK4–– expression in endometrial cancer. Oncology. 79:238–246. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu Y, Shao S, Pan H, Cheng Z and Rui X: MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003. Mol Med Rep 17: 4803-4810, 2018.
APA
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., & Rui, X. (2018). MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4803-4810. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8417
MLA
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., Rui, X."MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4803-4810.
Chicago
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., Rui, X."MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4803-4810. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8417
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu Y, Shao S, Pan H, Cheng Z and Rui X: MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003. Mol Med Rep 17: 4803-4810, 2018.
APA
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., & Rui, X. (2018). MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4803-4810. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8417
MLA
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., Rui, X."MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4803-4810.
Chicago
Zhu, Y., Shao, S., Pan, H., Cheng, Z., Rui, X."MicroRNA‑136 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase 4 Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2023.13003". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4803-4810. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8417
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team