Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia

  • Authors:
    • Zhi‑Rong Chen
    • Yi Ma
    • Hao‑Hui Guo
    • Zhi‑Dong Lu
    • Qun‑Hua Jin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China, Department of Pathology and Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4369-4375
    |
    Published online on: January 11, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8422
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats with hyperglycemia and to identify a novel potential method to treat SCI in the presence of hyperglycemia. Female Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Sham, SCI, SCI+hyperglycemia and SCI+hyperglycemia+CsA groups. Streptozotocin‑induced hyperglycemic SD rats and a weight‑drop contusion SCI model were established. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test were used to evaluate the neurological function of the rats. Flow cytometric assay was performed to detect the apoptotic rates of cells in the spinal cord. ELISA and western blot analysis were performed to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)‑10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, cyclophilin‑D (Cyp‑D) and apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF). The results demonstrated that CsA significantly improved the neurological function of the SCI rats with hyperglycemia. CsA markedly reduced the number of apoptotic cells exaggerated by hyperglycemia in the spinal cord of the SCI rats. CsA significantly decreased the expression levels of IL‑10, TNF‑α, Cyp‑D and AIF in the spinal cord of the SCI rats. Overall, the present study revealed a significant role of CsA in the treatment of SCI in the presence of hyperglycemia by inhibiting the apoptosis of spinal cord cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Saunders LL, Clarke A, Tate DG, Forchheimer M and Krause JS: Lifetime prevalence of chronic health conditions among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 96:673–679. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Falnikar A, Li K and Lepore AC: Therapeutically targeting astrocytes with stem and progenitor cell transplantation following traumatic spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 1619:91–103. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Gorman PH: The review of systems in spinal cord injury and dysfunction. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 17:630–634. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kabu S, Gao Y, Kwon BK and Labhasetwar V: Drug delivery, cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering approaches for spinal cord injury. J Control Release. 219:141–154. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Wang J and Pearse DD: Therapeutic hypothermia in spinal cord injury: The status of its use and open questions. Int J Mol Sci. 16:16848–16879. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Wang YT, Lu XM, Chen KT, Shu YH and Qiu CH: Immunotherapy strategies for spinal cord injury. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 16:492–505. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Pasquier J, Hoarau-Véchot J, Fakhro K, Rafii A and Abi Khalil C: Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 15:1082015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Helzner EP and Contrera KJ: Type 2 diabetes and hearing impairment. Curr Diab Rep. 16:32016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Mendez CE, Der Mesropian PJ, Mathew RO and Slawski B: Hyperglycemia and acute kidney injury during the perioperative period. Curr Diab Rep. 16:102016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Usuelli V and La Rocca E: Novel therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Pharmacol Res. 98:39–44. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Meng XF, Wang XL, Tian XJ, Yang ZH, Chu GP, Zhang J, Li M, Shi J and Zhang C: Nod-like receptor protein 1 inflammasome mediates neuron injury under high glucose. Mol Neurobiol. 49:673–684. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Dai Y, Zhao X, Chen P, Yu Y, Wang Y and Xie L: Neuropeptide FF promotes recovery of corneal nerve injury associated with hyperglycemia. Inves Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 56:7754–7765. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Wang YH, Chen SY, Wang TD, Hwang BS, Huang TS and Su TC: The relationships among serum glucose, albumin concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis in men with spinal cord injury. Atherosclerosis. 206:528–534. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Readnower RD, Pandya JD, McEwen ML, Pauly JR, Springer JE and Sullivan PG: Post-injury administration of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, NIM811, is neuroprotective and improves cognition after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma. 28:1845–1853. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Liu YX, Zhu KY, Liu YL and Jiang DF: Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acids on cellular immune response of piglets after cyclosporin A injection. Animal. 10:1660–1665. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

El-Gowelli HM, Helmy MW, Ali RM and El-Mas MM: Celecoxib offsets the negative renal influences of cyclosporine via modulation of the TGF-β1/IL-2/COX-2/endothelin ET(B) receptor cascade. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 275:88–95. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Dao AT, Yamazaki H, Takamatsu H, Sugimori C, Katagiri T, Maruyama H, Zaimoku Y, Maruyama K, Ly TQ, Espinoza L and Nakao S: Cyclosporine restores hematopoietic function by compensating for decreased Tregs in patients with pure red cell aplasia and acquired aplastic anemia. Ann Hematol. 95:771–781. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Working Group For National Survey On Status Of Diagnosis And Treatment Of Childhood Renal Diseases, . Multicenter survey of diagnostic and therapeutic status in Chinese childhood patients with steroid-sensitive, relaping/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 52:194–200. 2014.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hashimoto A, Kanisawa Y, Fujimi A, Nakajima C, Hayasaka N, Yamada S, Okuda T, Minami S, Yamauchi N, Iwasaki S, et al: Thrombocytopenia and anemia with anti-c-mpl antibodies effectively treated with cyclosporine in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic renal failure. Intern Med. 55:683–687. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kumar R, Dogra S, Amarji B, Singh B, Kumar S, Sharma, Vinay K, Mahajan R and Katare OP: Efficacy of novel topical liposomal formulation of cyclosporine in mild to moderate stable plaque psoriasis: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 152:807–815. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sánchez JA, Alfonso A, Leirós M, Alonso E, Rateb ME, Jaspars M, Houssen WE, Ebel R and Botana LM: Spongionella secondary metabolites regulate store operated calcium entry modulating mitochondrial functioning in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 37:779–792. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Dai Y, Sun Q, Zhang X, Hu Y, Zhou M and Shi J: Cyclosporin A ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of a Nur77 dependent apoptosis pathway. Brain Res. 1556:67–76. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Yacoub A, Hajec MC, Stanger R, Wan W, Young H and Mathern BE: Neuroprotective effects of perflurocarbon (oxycyte) after contusive spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 31:256–267. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Basso DM, Beattie MS and Bresnahan JC: A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J Neurotraum. 12:1–21. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Han X, Yang N, Xu Y, Zhu J, Chen Z, Liu Z, Dang G and Song C: Simvastatin treatment improves functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury by upregulating the expression of BDNF and GDNF. Neurosci Lett. 487:255–259. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhou KL, Zhou YF, Wu K, Tian NF, Wu YS, Wang YL, Chen DH, Zhou B, Wang XY, Xu HZ and Zhang XL: Stimulation of autophagy promotes functional recovery in diabetic rats with spinal cord injury. Sci Re. 5:171302015.

27 

Grabher P, Callaghan MF, Ashburner J, Weiskopf N, Thompson AJ, Curt A and Freund P: Tracking sensory system atrophy and outcome prediction in spinal cord injury. Ann Neurol. 78:751–761. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Alexanian AR, Svendsen CN, Crowe MJ and Kurpad SN: Transplantation of human glial-restricted neural precursors into injured spinal cord promotes functional and sensory recovery without causing allodynia. Cytotherapy. 13:61–68. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ni H, Jin W, Yuan B, Zhu T, Wang J, Jiang J, Liang W and Ma Z: Curcumin inhibits the increase of labile zinc and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Surg Res. 187:646–652. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Lee SI, Jeong SR, Kang YM, Han DH, Jin BK, Namgung U and Kim BG: Endogenous expression of interleukin-4 regulates macrophage activation and confines cavity formation after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res. 88:2409–2419. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Fenn AM, Hall JC, Gensel JC, Popovich PG and Godbout JP: IL-4 signaling drives a unique arginase+/IL-1β+ microglia phenotype and recruits macrophages to the inflammatory CNS: Consequences of age-related deficits in IL-4Rα after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosci. 34:8904–8917. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Lau D, Harte SE, Morrow TJ, Wang S, Mata M and Fink DJ: Herpes simplex virus vector-mediated expression of interleukin-10 reduces below-level central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 26:889–897. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Lin WP, Lin JH, Cai B, Shi JX, Li WJ, Choudhury GR, Wu SQ, Wu JZ, Wu HP and Ke QF: Effect of adenovirus-mediated RNA interference of IL-1β expression on spinal cord injury in rats. Spinal Cord. 54:778–784. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

McEwen ML, Sullivan PG, Rabchevsky AG and Springer JE: Targeting mitochondrial function for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics. 8:168–179. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

White CR, Giordano S and Anantharamaiah GM: High-density lipoprotein, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell survival mechanisms. Chemistry and physics of lipids. 199:161–169. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Fu M, Shi W, Li Z and Liu H: Activation of mPTP-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by a novel pan HDAC inhibitor resminostat in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 477:527–533. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Scott AJ, Wilkinson AS and Wilkinson JC: Basal metabolic state governs AIF-dependent growth support in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 16:2862016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Liu S, Wang X, Lu Y, Xiao J, Liang J, Zhong X and Chen Y: The combined use of cytokine-induced killer cells and cyclosporine a for the treatment of aplastic anemia in a mouse model. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 35:401–410. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Guan N, Ren YL, Liu XY, Zhang Y, Pei P, Zhu SN and Fan Q: Protective role of cyclosporine A and minocycline on mitochondrial disequilibrium-related podocyte injury and proteinuria occurrence induced by adriamycin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 30:957–969. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Kim SY, Shim MS, Kim KY, Weinreb RN, Wheeler LA and Ju WK: Inhibition of cyclophilin D by cyclosporin A promotes retinal ganglion cell survival by preventing mitochondrial alteration in ischemic injury. Cell Death Dis. 5:e11052014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen ZR, Ma Y, Guo HH, Lu ZD and Jin QH: Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia. Mol Med Rep 17: 4369-4375, 2018.
APA
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., & Jin, Q. (2018). Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4369-4375. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8422
MLA
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., Jin, Q."Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4369-4375.
Chicago
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., Jin, Q."Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4369-4375. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8422
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen ZR, Ma Y, Guo HH, Lu ZD and Jin QH: Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia. Mol Med Rep 17: 4369-4375, 2018.
APA
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., & Jin, Q. (2018). Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4369-4375. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8422
MLA
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., Jin, Q."Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4369-4375.
Chicago
Chen, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, H., Lu, Z., Jin, Q."Therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A against spinal cord injury in rats with hyperglycemia". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4369-4375. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8422
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team