Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
March-2018 Volume 17 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2

  • Authors:
    • Lei Wang
    • Mengliang Zheng
    • Shuishui Wu
    • Zhiqiang Niu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesia, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4229-4236
    |
    Published online on: January 16, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8437
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthetic. Sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and cognitive impairments in animals are widely reported, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The results of the present study demonstrated that sevoflurane anesthesia induced spatial memory impairments in rats, as determined by the Morris water maze test. Mechanistically, the current study demonstrated that sevoflurane administration significantly enhanced the expression of microRNA (miR)‑188‑3p. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‑188‑3p using lentiviral miR‑188‑3p inhibitors attenuated sevoflurane‑induced cognitive impairments in rats. The present study also demonstrated that miR‑188‑3p targeted MDM2 proto‑oncogene (MDM2) and negatively regulated the expression of MDM2, as determined by luciferase assays, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Furthermore, decreased abundance of MDM2 following transfection with miR‑188‑3p mimics was associated with increased stability of p53 protein. Suppression of p53 activity using the specific p53 inhibitor pifithrin‑α alleviated sevoflurane‑induced neuroapoptosis. These results indicate that the miR‑188‑3p‑MDM2‑p53 axis may have a critical role in sevoflurane‑induced cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, miR‑188‑3p may be a potential target for the treatment of sevoflurane‑induced cognitive impairment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Sinner B, Becke K and Engelhard K: General anaesthetics and the developing brain: An overview. Anaesthesia. 69:1009–1022. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

DiMaggio C, Sun LS and Li G: Early childhood exposure to anesthesia and risk of developmental and behavioral disorders in a sibling birth cohort. Anesth Analg. 113:1143–1151. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ing C, DiMaggio C, Whitehouse A, Hegarty MK, Brady J, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Davidson A, Wood AJ, Li G and Sun LS: Long-term differences in language and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia. Pediatrics. 130:e476–e485. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Li W, Li DY, Zhao SM, Zheng ZJ, Hu J, Li ZZ and Xiong SB: Rutin attenuates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via modulating JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in the hippocampi of neonatal rats. Exp Ther Med. 13:2056–2064. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Feng X, Liu JJ, Zhou X, Song FH, Yang XY, Chen XS, Huang WQ, Zhou LH and Ye JH: Single sevoflurane exposure decreases neuronal nitric oxide synthase levels in the hippocampus of developing rats. Br J Anaesth. 109:225–233. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Zhou X, Xian D, Xia J, Tang Y, Li W, Chen X, Zhou Z, Lu D and Feng X: MicroRNA-34c is regulated by p53 and is involved in sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in the developing rat brain potentially via the mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep. 15:2204–2212. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Pan Z, Lu XF, Shao C, Zhang C, Yang J, Ma T, Zhang LC and Cao JL: The effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on rat hippocampus: A genomic expression analysis. Brain Res. 1381:124–133. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Goto G, Hori Y, Ishikawa M, Tanaka S and Sakamoto A: Changes in the gene expression levels of microRNAs in the rat hippocampus by sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia. Mol Med Rep. 9:1715–1722. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Luo T, Yin S, Shi R, Xu C, Wang Y, Cai J, Yue Y and Wu A: miRNA expression profile and involvement of Let-7d-APP in aged rats with isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. PLoS One. 10:e01193362015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Barry G: Integrating the roles of long and small non-coding RNA in brain function and disease. Mol Psychiatry. 19:410–416. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Fu L, Jin L, Yan L, Shi J, Wang H, Zhou B and Wu X: Comprehensive review of genetic association studies and meta-analysis on miRNA polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility. Hum Immunol. 77:1–6. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ma H, Wu Y, Yang H, Liu J, Dan H, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Jiang L and Chen Q: MicroRNAs in oral lichen planus and potential miRNA-mRNA pathogenesis with essential cytokines: A review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 122:164–173. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Mizuguchi Y, Takizawa T, Yoshida H and Uchida E: Dysregulated miRNA in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. Hepatol Res. 46:391–406. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Organista-Nava J, Gomez-Gomez Y, Illades-Aguiar B and Leyva-Vazquez MA: Regulation of the miRNA expression by TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL, MLL/AF4 and TCF3/PBX1 oncoproteins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep. 36:1226–1232. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wen MM: Getting miRNA therapeutics into the target cells for neurodegenerative diseases: A mini-review. Front Mol Neurosci. 9:1292016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wang QX, Zhu YQ, Zhang H and Xiao J: Altered MiRNA expression in gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 35:933–944. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Ganju A, Khan S, Hafeez BB, Behrman SW, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC and Jaggi M: miRNA nanotherapeutics for cancer. Drug Discov Today. 22:424–432. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liu C, Zhang YH, Deng Q, Li Y, Huang T, Zhou S and Cai YD: Cancer-Related triplets of mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA revealed by integrative network in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Biomed Res Int. 2017:38595822017.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Nalluri JJ, Barh D, Azevedo V and Ghosh P: miRsig: A consensus-based network inference methodology to identify pan-cancer miRNA-miRNA interaction signatures. Sci Rep. 7:396842017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lodewijk L, Prins AM, Kist JW, Valk GD, Kranenburg O, Rinkes IH and Vriens MR: The value of miRNA in diagnosing thyroid cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Biomark. 11:229–238. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Srivastava K and Srivastava A: Comprehensive review of genetic association studies and meta-analyses on miRNA polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One. 7:e509662012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Harquail J, Benzina S and Robichaud GA: MicroRNAs and breast cancer malignancy: An overview of miRNA-regulated cancer processes leading to metastasis. Cancer Biomark. 11:269–280. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Lu X, Lv S, Mi Y, Wang L and Wang G: Neuroprotective effect of miR-665 against sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting insulin-like growth factor 2. Am J Transl Res. 9:1344–1356. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ratert N, Meyer HA, Jung M, Lioudmer P, Mollenkopf HJ, Wagner I, Miller K, Kilic E, Erbersdobler A, Weikert S and Jung K: miRNA profiling identifies candidate mirnas for bladder cancer diagnosis and clinical outcome. J Mol Diagn. 15:695–705. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Lu X, Lv S, Mi Y, Wang L and Wang G: Neuroprotective effect of miR-665 against sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting insulin-like growth factor 2. Am J Transl Res. 9:1344–1356. 2017.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Yu X, Liu S, Li J, Fan X, Chen Y, Bi X, Liu S and Deng X: MicroRNA-572 improves early post-operative cognitive dysfunction by down-regulating neural cell adhesion molecule 1. PLoS One. 10:e01185112015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Jiang XL, Du BX, Chen J, Liu L, Shao WB and Song J: MicroRNA-34a negatively regulates anesthesia-induced hippocampal apoptosis and memory impairment through FGFR1. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:6760–6767. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies, . Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th. The National Academies Press; Washington, DC: 2011, PubMed/NCBI

29 

Vorhees CV and Williams MT: Morris water maze: Procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc. 1:848–858. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang S, Hu X, Guan W, Luan L, Li B, Tang Q and Fan H: Isoflurane anesthesia promotes cognitive impairment by inducing expression of beta-amyloid protein-related factors in the hippocampus of aged rats. PLoS One. 12:e01756542017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Liu X, Liu X, Wang R, Luo H, Qin G, Wang LU, Ye Z, Guo Q and Wang E: Circulating microRNAs indicate cardioprotection by sevoflurane inhalation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Exp Ther Med. 11:2270–2276. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wang Q, Li G, Li B, Chen Q, Lv D, Liu J, Ma J, Sun N, Yang L, Fei X and Song Q: Sevoflurane represses the self-renewal ability by regulating miR-7a, 7b/Klf4 signalling pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Prolif. 49:609–617. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ye J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chen C, Xu X, Yu H and Peng M: Altered hippocampal microRNA expression profiles in neonatal rats caused by sevoflurane anesthesia: MicroRNA profiling and bioinformatics target analysis. Exp Ther Med. 12:1299–1310. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yi W, Li D, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Huang B and Li X: Sevoflurane inhibits the migration and invasion of glioma cells by upregulating microRNA-637. Int J Mol Med. 38:1857–1863. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Jiang J, Chen Z, Yang Y, Yan J and Jiang H: Sevoflurane downregulates IGF1 via microRNA98. Mol Med Rep. 15:1863–1868. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Jin F and Wang Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Liu E, Fan J and Wang Y: Bre Enhances osteoblastic differentiation by promoting the Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53. Stem Cells. 35:1760–1772. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Yang Z, Lv J, Li X, Meng Q, Yang Q, Ma W, Li Y and Ke ZJ: Sevoflurane decreases self-renewal capacity and causes c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated damage of rat fetal neural stem cells. Sci Rep. 7:463042017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kodama M, Satoh Y, Otsubo Y, Araki Y, Yonamine R, Masui K and Kazama T: Neonatal desflurane exposure induces more robust neuroapoptosis than do isoflurane and sevoflurane and impairs working memory. Anesthesiology. 115:979–991. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Tagawa T, Sakuraba S, Kimura K and Mizoguchi A: Sevoflurane in combination with propofol, not thiopental, induces a more robust neuroapoptosis than sevoflurane alone in the neonatal mouse brain. J Anesth. 28:815–820. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yang ZJ, Wang YW, Li CL, Ma LQ and Zhao X: Pre-treatment with a Xingnaojing preparation ameliorates sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the infant rat striatum. Mol Med Rep. 11:1615–1622. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Liu B, Xia J, Chen Y and Zhang J: Sevoflurane-Induced endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to neuroapoptosis and BACE-1 expression in the developing brain: The role of eIF2α. Neurotox Res. 31:218–229. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Bond GL, Hu W and Levine AJ: MDM2 is a central node in the p53 pathway: 12 years and counting. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 5:3–8. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Haupt Y, Maya R, Kazaz A and Oren M: Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53. Nature. 387:296–299. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Pettersson S, Sczaniecka M, McLaren L, Russell F, Gladstone K, Hupp T and Wallace M: Non-degradative ubiquitination of the Notch1 receptor by the E3 ligase MDM2 activates the Notch signalling pathway. Biochem J. 450:523–536. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang L, Zheng M, Wu S and Niu Z: MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2. Mol Med Rep 17: 4229-4236, 2018.
APA
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., & Niu, Z. (2018). MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4229-4236. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8437
MLA
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., Niu, Z."MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4229-4236.
Chicago
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., Niu, Z."MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4229-4236. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8437
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang L, Zheng M, Wu S and Niu Z: MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2. Mol Med Rep 17: 4229-4236, 2018.
APA
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., & Niu, Z. (2018). MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 4229-4236. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8437
MLA
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., Niu, Z."MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.3 (2018): 4229-4236.
Chicago
Wang, L., Zheng, M., Wu, S., Niu, Z."MicroRNA-188-3p is involved in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis by targeting MDM2". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 3 (2018): 4229-4236. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8437
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team