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Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus

  • Authors:
    • Sung Min Nam
    • Jong Whi Kim
    • Dae Young Yoo
    • Hyo Young Jung
    • Jin Young Chung
    • Dae Won Kim
    • In Koo Hwang
    • Yeo Sung Yoon
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
    Copyright: © Nam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 5782-5788
    |
    Published online on: February 13, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8605
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Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of hypothyroidism on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro‑inflammatory cytokines in the dentate gyrus to elucidate the roles of COX‑2 in the hypothyroid hippocampus. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by treating with 0.03% 2‑mercapto‑1‑methyl‑imidazole dissolved in drinking water for 5 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Hypothyroidism rats exhibited decreased triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in the serum, while the levels of thyroid‑stimulating hormone and the weight of thyroid glands were significantly higher in the hypothyroid rats compared with those in the vehicle‑treated group. COX‑2 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the hippocampal CA2/3 region and the dentate gyrus compared with the vehicle‑treated group. Levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and tumor necrosis factor‑α were significantly higher in the hippocampal homogenates of hypothyroid rats. Cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation based on Ki67 and doublecortin immunohistochemistry were decreased in the dentate gyrus of hypothyroid rats compared with those in the vehicle‑treated group. These results suggested that hypothyroidism‑mediated COX‑2 expression affected hippocampal plasticity by upregulating the levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Therefore, COX‑2 may be suggested as a candidate molecule for preventing hypothyroidism‑induced neurological side effects.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Chung JY, Kim DW, Hwang IK and Yoon YS: Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 17: 5782-5788, 2018.
APA
Nam, S.M., Kim, J.W., Yoo, D.Y., Jung, H.Y., Chung, J.Y., Kim, D.W. ... Yoon, Y.S. (2018). Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 5782-5788. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8605
MLA
Nam, S. M., Kim, J. W., Yoo, D. Y., Jung, H. Y., Chung, J. Y., Kim, D. W., Hwang, I. K., Yoon, Y. S."Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.4 (2018): 5782-5788.
Chicago
Nam, S. M., Kim, J. W., Yoo, D. Y., Jung, H. Y., Chung, J. Y., Kim, D. W., Hwang, I. K., Yoon, Y. S."Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 4 (2018): 5782-5788. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8605
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Chung JY, Kim DW, Hwang IK and Yoon YS: Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 17: 5782-5788, 2018.
APA
Nam, S.M., Kim, J.W., Yoo, D.Y., Jung, H.Y., Chung, J.Y., Kim, D.W. ... Yoon, Y.S. (2018). Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17, 5782-5788. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8605
MLA
Nam, S. M., Kim, J. W., Yoo, D. Y., Jung, H. Y., Chung, J. Y., Kim, D. W., Hwang, I. K., Yoon, Y. S."Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus". Molecular Medicine Reports 17.4 (2018): 5782-5788.
Chicago
Nam, S. M., Kim, J. W., Yoo, D. Y., Jung, H. Y., Chung, J. Y., Kim, D. W., Hwang, I. K., Yoon, Y. S."Hypothyroidism increases cyclooxygenase-2 levels and pro-inflammatory response and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus". Molecular Medicine Reports 17, no. 4 (2018): 5782-5788. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8605
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